Estimation of effective pollen dispersal distance for cross-pollination in chestnut orchards by microsatellite-based paternity analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sogo Nishio ◽  
Norio Takada ◽  
Shingo Terakami ◽  
Hidenori Kato ◽  
Hiromichi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Cross Pollination

scholarly journals Long Distance Pollen Flow in Mandarin Orchards Determined by AFLP Markers—Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng T. Chao ◽  
Jinggui Fang ◽  
Pachanoor S. Devanand
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Pollen Flow ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Citrus Clementina ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
Solid Block

Production of seedless mandarins such as `Nules' clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan.) and `Afourer' mandarin [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × C. reticulata Blanco] is increasing in California as consumers' interest in seedless, easy peeling, and good tasting mandarins increases. The fruit would produce seeds if cross-pollination with compatible pollen source occurred. It is almost impossible to prevent cross-pollination between compatible mandarin cultivars by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) within the multi-faceted agricultural environment in California. To produce seedless mandarin, growers either plant a single cultivar in a large solid block or try to use pollen-sterile navel oranges (C. sinensis) or satsuma mandarins (C. unshiu Marco.) as buffers to prevent cross-pollination. The question of how many rows of buffer trees or spacing can effectively prevent cross-pollination by honeybees between compatible mandarins is unclear. We initiated a study using fluorescent-labeled AFLP markers to determine the pollen parentages of `Nules' clementine seedlings and `Afourer' mandarin seedlings from two orchards in California. The longest distance of pollen flow at an orchard near Madera was 521 m. The pollen of `Minneola' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi Macf.) was able to disperse across a minimum of 92 rows of `Lane Late' navel oranges plus two rows of `Afourer' mandarins to pollinate `Afourer' mandarins. We also found that all the seedlings of `Nules' clementine mandarin at an orchard near Bakersfield had been pollinated by `Afourer' mandarin pollen. The pollen of `Afourer' mandarin was able to disperse up to distances between 837 and 960 m to pollinate `Nules' clementine. The pollen dispersal distance found in this study was at least 16 times longer than previously reported in a citrus orchard. Growers need to consider a much larger space or buffer rows to prevent cross-pollination and produce seedless mandarins in California.

scholarly journals Two-generation analysis of pollen flow across a landscape. III. Impact of adult population structure

2001 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRÉDÉRIC AUSTERLITZ ◽  
PETER E. SMOUSE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
Pollen Flow ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Spatially Distributed

The rate and distance of instantaneous pollen flow in a population are parameters of considerable current interest for plant population geneticists and conservation biologists. We have recently developed an estimator (Φft) of differentiation between the inferred pollen clouds that fertilize several females, sampled within a single population. We have shown that there is a simple relation between Φft and the average pollen dispersal distance (δ) for the case of a population with no geographic structure. Though forest trees usually show considerable pollen flow, assuming an absence of spatially distributed genetic structure is not always wise. Here, we develop analytical theory for the relation between Φft and δ, for the case where the probability of Identity by Descent (IBD) for two individuals decreases with the physical distance between them. This analytical theory allows us to provide an effective method for estimating pollen dispersal distance in a population with adult genetic structure. Using real examples, we show that estimation errors can be large if genetic structure is not taken into account, so it is wise to evaluate adult genetic structure simultaneously with estimation of Φft for the pollen clouds. We show that the results are only moderately affected by changes in the decay function, a result of some importance since no completely established theory is available for this function.

Staying close: short local dispersal distances on a managed forest of two Patagonian Nothofagus species

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Sola ◽  
Verónica El Mujtar ◽  
Leonardo Gallo ◽  
Giovanni G Vendramin ◽  
Paula Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Gene Dispersal ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Understanding the impact of management on the dispersal potential of forest tree species is pivotal in the context of global change, given the implications of gene flow on species evolution. We aimed to determine the effect of logging on gene flow distances in two Nothofagus species from temperate Patagonian forests having high ecological relevance and wood quality. Therefore, a total of 778 individuals (mature trees and saplings) of Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua, from a single plot managed 20 years ago (2.85 hectares), were mapped and genotyped at polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Historical estimates of gene dispersal distance (based on fine-scale spatial genetic structure) and contemporary estimates of seed and pollen dispersal (based on spatially explicit mating models) were obtained. The results indicated restricted gene flow (gene distance ≤ 45 m, both pollen and seed), no selfing and significant seed and pollen immigration from trees located outside the studied plot but in the close surrounding area. The size of trees (diameter at breast height and height) was significantly associated with female and/or male fertility. The significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with the restricted seed and pollen dispersal. Moreover, both estimates of gene dispersal (historical and contemporary) gave congruent results. This suggests that the recent history of logging within the study area has not significantly influenced on patterns of gene flow, which can be explained by the silviculture applied to the stand. The residual tree density maintained species composition, and the homogeneous spatial distribution of trees allowed the maintenance of gene dispersal. The short dispersal distance estimated for these two species has several implications both for understanding the evolution of the species and for defining management, conservation and restoration actions. Future replication of this study in other Nothofagus Patagonian forests would be helpful to validate our conclusions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pollen dispersal and cross pollination using transgenic grapevine plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Harst ◽  
Beatrix-Axinja Cobanov ◽  
Ludger Hausmann ◽  
Rudolf Eibach ◽  
Reinhard Töpfer
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Transgenic Grapevine

scholarly journals A Novel Method to Quantify Transport of Self- and Cross-pollen by Bees in Blueberry Plantings

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2002-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio A. Brevis ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith ◽  
Lynne Seymour ◽  
Dorothy B. Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Pollen Mixture ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ripening Rate ◽  
Pollen Diameter

Blueberry species (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus) benefit from cross-pollination. Outcrossing increases fruit set, berry size, and ripening rate. Although knowledge of pollen dispersal is essential for maximizing cross-pollination and achieving optimal planting designs, this process has not been quantified previously in blueberry plantings. A novel method was developed to estimate the proportion of self- and cross-pollen transported by blueberry pollinators. The proposed technique requires a consistent difference in pollen size between two cultivars to predict the composition of a pollen mixture based on frequency distributions of pollen diameter. Vaccinium ashei Reade `Brightwell' and `Climax' were chosen for this study because they produce pollen tetrads of different size. Tetrad diameter and number were analyzed with a particle counter. The technique was validated by predicting the proportion of `Brightwell' in pollen mixtures where the cultivar composition was known, and predicted and actual values were linearly correlated (r = 0.995, P < 0.0001). The technique was then applied to pollen samples extracted from the bodies of pollinators that were collected in a mixed `Brightwell' and `Climax' blueberry plot. Numbers of blueberry tetrads extracted per bumblebee (Bombus spp.) averaged 4595 and 797 in 2003 and 2004, respectively, which was considered adequate to make accurate predictions based on frequency distributions of tetrad diameter. The proportion of `Brightwell' pollen carried by bumblebees changed with the phenology of the crop following an expected pattern, indicating that the method performed well under field conditions. This technique could potentially be used to quantify the likelihood for outcrossing and establish the effect of cultivar arrangements on pollen dispersion, as well as to examine pollen collection and manipulation, and cultivar preference by bees.

Spatially explicit modelling of transgenic maize pollen dispersal and cross-pollination

2003 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Loos ◽  
Ralf Seppelt ◽  
Sara Meier-Bethke ◽  
Joachim Schiemann ◽  
Otto Richter
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Transgenic Maize ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Cross Pollination

scholarly journals Doing the twist: a test of Darwin's cross-pollination hypothesis for pollinarium reconfiguration

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig I Peter ◽  
Steven D Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Mating Opportunities

Mating success in plants depends largely on the efficiency of pollen dispersal. For hermaphrodite plants, self-pollination, either within or among flowers, can reduce mating opportunities because of pollen and ovule discounting and inbreeding depression. Self-pollination may be particularly detrimental in plants such as orchids and asclepiads that package each flower's pollen into one or more pollinia which, together with accessory structures, comprise a pollinarium. Darwin proposed that physical reconfiguration of pollinaria serves as a mechanism for reducing the likelihood of self-pollination. To be effective, the time taken for pollinarium reconfiguration would need to exceed that spent by a pollinator on a plant. We investigated pollinarium reconfiguration (including pollinarium bending, pollinium shrinking and anther cap retention) in 19 species and found a strong positive relationship between reconfiguration time and the duration of pollinator visits. Reconfiguration times were also consistently longer than pollinator visit times. These results provide strong support for Darwin's idea that this mechanism promotes cross-pollination.

scholarly journals Gene flow in an overexploited population of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) in the Bolivian Amazon

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sebbenn ◽  
J. C. Licona ◽  
B. Mostacedo ◽  
B. Degen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Bolivian Amazon ◽  
Adult Trees

Abstract Pollen and seed movement among and within populations connect individuals and populations, and therefore are among the most important evolutionary processes determining the genetic structure of populations. Seven microsatellite loci were used to investigate the realized pollen dispersal and intra-population spatial genetic structure (SGS) in four permanent plots located in an overexploited big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) population in the Bolivian Amazon. All adult trees found in the plots were mapped, sampled and genotyped. Seedlings were sampled below the canopy of reproductive trees. Private alleles in the sub-population of the adults and the seedlings were observed. The observed heterozygosity was significantly lower and fixation index was significantly higher for the seedlings (Ho=0.697, F=0.068) compared to the adults (Ho=0.761, F=-0.023). In one plot, seed immigration was observed (18%). Realized pollen immigration ranged among the plots from zero to 41% and selfing ranged from zero to 5.8%. We observed an average pollen dispersal distance from 75 to 255 m, with the maximum reaching 576 m. We found a significant SGS up to 150 m, showing that near neighbour individuals are relatives. The observed data on pollen- and seed dispersal provides important information for the sustainable management of the endangered mahogany species.

scholarly journals The role of self-incompatibility systems in the prevention of bi-parental inbreeding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara N Furstenau ◽  
Reed A Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Inbreeding Avoidance ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Individual Based Simulation

Hermaphroditic plants experience inbreeding through both self-fertilization and bi-parental inbreeding. Therefore, many plant species have evolved either heteromorphic (morphology-based) or homomorphic (molecular-based) self-incompatibility (SI) systems. These SI systems limit extreme inbreeding through self-fertilization and, in the case of homomorphic SI systems, have the potential to limit bi-parental inbreeding, which is common when dispersal is restricted to a local region. Homomorphic SI species are prevalent across the angiosperms, and it is often assumed that the potential to reduce bi-parental inbreeding may be a factor in their success. To test this assumption, we developed a spatially-explicit, individual-based simulation of plant populations with either heteromorphic SI or one of three different types of homomorphic SI. In our simulations, we varied dispersal distance and the presence of inbreeding depression. We found that autozygosity in the homomorphic SI populations was significantly lower than in the heteromorphic SI populations and that this reduction was due to bi-parental inbreeding avoidance. As expected, the differences between the homomorphic and heteromorphic SI populations were more pronounced when seed and pollen dispersal was limited. However, levels of homozygosity and inbreeding depression between these plant populations were not different. At low dispersal, homomorphic SI populations also suffered reduced female fecundity and had smaller census population sizes. Our results suggest that bi-parental inbreeding avoidance was unlikely to be a major driver in the evolution of homomorphic SI systems.

scholarly journals The role of self-incompatibility systems in the prevention of bi-parental inbreeding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara N Furstenau ◽  
Reed A Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Inbreeding Avoidance ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Individual Based Simulation

Hermaphroditic plants experience inbreeding through both self-fertilization and bi-parental inbreeding. Therefore, many plant species have evolved either heteromorphic (morphology-based) or homomorphic (molecular-based) self-incompatibility (SI) systems. These SI systems limit extreme inbreeding through self-fertilization and, in the case of homomorphic SI systems, have the potential to limit bi-parental inbreeding, which is common when dispersal is restricted to a local region. Homomorphic SI species are prevalent across the angiosperms, and it is often assumed that the potential to reduce bi-parental inbreeding may be a factor in their success. To test this assumption, we developed a spatially-explicit, individual-based simulation of plant populations with either heteromorphic SI or one of three different types of homomorphic SI. In our simulations, we varied dispersal distance and the presence of inbreeding depression. We found that autozygosity in the homomorphic SI populations was significantly lower than in the heteromorphic SI populations and that this reduction was due to bi-parental inbreeding avoidance. As expected, the differences between the homomorphic and heteromorphic SI populations were more pronounced when seed and pollen dispersal was limited. However, levels of homozygosity and inbreeding depression between these plant populations were not different. At low dispersal, homomorphic SI populations also suffered reduced female fecundity and had smaller census population sizes. Our results suggest that bi-parental inbreeding avoidance was unlikely to be a major driver in the evolution of homomorphic SI systems.

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