Germination and growth of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) pollen tubes and FTIR analysis of the pollen tube wall

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Zonggen Shen ◽  
Jinbo Shen ◽  
Da Yu ◽  
Xianyong Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Pollen Tube Wall ◽  
Germination And Growth

Growth of barley pollen tubes in vivo. I. Ultrastructural aspects of early tube growth in the stigmatic hair

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Cass ◽  
Daniel J. Peteya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Reserve Carbohydrate ◽  
Pollen Tube Wall ◽  
Hair Surface

Barley styles were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after pollination. Pollen tube penetration of a stigmatic hair may follow initial missing of the hair and (or) a period of growth on the hair surface. Changes in hair cell walls occur at penetration sites. Absence of demonstrable reserve carbohydrate in hair cells and styles and its abundance in pollen tubes suggest that early tube growth is largely dependent on endogenous substrates relative to its carbohydrate requirement. The pollen tube wall has an inner, somewhat reticular region and an outer, multilayered fibrillar region. Membrane-bound pollen tube vesicles containing reticular material fuse with the pollen tube membrane, contributing to development of the pollen tube wall. Vesicles and tube wall are stained by Ruthenium Red; this staining is compared with results of periodic acid–silver proteinate treatment. Two types of tube growth anomalies are reported. In the first, a tube may grow out of a hair and discharge its cytoplasm onto the hair surface through an aperture. Discharged, naked tube cytoplasm often remains appressed to hair surfaces. In the second, a tube may grow into a hair cell and discharge its contents therein through an apparently similar aperture. Vegetative nuclei appear unaltered during early pollen tube growth, but there are minor structural alterations in sperms and vegetative cell cytoplasm.

The growth of the pollen tube wall in Oenothera organensis

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-532
Author(s):  
H.G. Dickinson ◽  
J. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Pollen Tube Wall ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Dictyosome Vesicles

The growth of the pollen tube wall of Oenothera is effected by the expulsion of fibrillar material from the cytoplasm into the developing wall. This material may also be seen in the cytoplasm, contained in membrane-bound vesicles. It is not clear how the content of the vesicles is discharged, but it appears not to involve the participation of microtubules. The source of the cytoplasmic fibrillar bodies depends upon the stage of development of the pollen tube. The earilest growth is derived from the inclusion into the wall of vesicles containing pre-formed materials present in the grain on pollination. During the next stage of growth the wall is derived from the content of double-membraned inclusions also present in the pollen. The content of the former vesicles is not so similar to the wall as the latter, but intermediates between the 2 types of vesicle may be seen in the cytoplasm, indicating that the former are formed from the latter. Most of the tube wall is derived from the products of dictyosomes in the pollen grain or tube. These dicytosomes are few in number and they must be exceedingly active. This, and the observation that dictyosome vesicles are frequently associated with banked complexes of mitochondria, indicates that some steps in the metabolism of the vesicular content, perhaps phosphorylation, take place distant from the dicytosomes. These different sources of fibrillar material presumably permit the rapid starting of tube growth, without any attendant metabolism. However, it would be impossible to include enough pre-formed wall material in the grain to enable the full growth of the tube, so once started, it seems that the tube then relies on the elaboration of simple reserves for the contruction of its wall. These reserves are likely to be held in the pollen, and may be the large numbers of starch grains characteristic of the pollen cytoplasm.

Ultrastructural Aspects of the Self-Incompatibility Mechanism in Lycopersicum Peruvianum Mill

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DE NETTANCOURT ◽  
M. DEVREUX ◽  
A. BOZZINI ◽  
M. CRESTI ◽  
E. PACINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Compatible Pollen

The experimental results obtained show that the tip of the incompatible pollen tube bursts open after the outer-wall has considerably expanded in the intercellular spaces of the conducting tissue and the inner-wall has disappeared and numerous particles have accumulated in the tube cytoplasm. These particles, which measure approximately 0.2 µm in diameter and give a weak reaction to the test of Thiéry, differ in many respects from the vesicles normally present in compatible pollen tubes growing through the style; they appear to resemble, in some cases, the spheres which are discharged by the compatible pollen tubes after they have reached the embryo-sac. It is considered that these observations support the current belief that the tube wall is the site of action for the incompatibility proteins and suggest that self-incompatibility is not a passive process resulting from lack of growth stimulation but an active event which leads to the destruction of the incompatible pollen tubes. The degradation mechanism involved appears similar to the one which enables the compatible pollen tube to release its contents in the degenerated synergid and presents some analogies with the lytic process taking place in virus-infected cells. The general hypothesis is presented that the particles observed in the cytoplasm of self-incompatible pollen tubes consist of a mixture of incompatibility proteins and of basic constituents of the tube wall.

Observations of Germinating Lychnis Alba Pollen

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Richard E. Crang ◽  
Michael A. Millay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pollen Tube Wall

The exine surface of Lychnis alba pollen grains is ornamented with spines and pits (Fig. 1) that are variable both in size and number. No relationship appears to exist between the relative nature of these surface features as observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and germination potentials of the pollen. The protrusion of cytoplasm at the apertures is a common phenomenon as the grains become hydrated when placed in liquid culture medium. As swelling of the apertures occurs, the aperturate opercula, or pore plates, may be lifted to the terminal surface but frequently are displaced to one side where they become embedded in the pollen tube wall (Fig.2). Although all apertures may protrude, only a single pollen tube will normally form from each grain. The composition of the opercula appear similar to the exine in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) preparations, but is less dense than the exine when observed in SEM preparations, as indicated by surface folds suggestive of a soft composition. There is no structural evidence that enzyme degradations of the exine at germination sites is required for emergence of the pollen tube, although such may be the case when pollen germinates on the style as indicated in SEM observations of Pharbitis nil pollen.

Structural changes in the pollinated and unpollinated avocado stigma and style

1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Transmitting Tissue ◽  
Intercellular Substance ◽  
Pollen Tube Wall ◽  
Stigma Secretion

Structural changes in the pollinated and unpollinated avocado (Persea americana Mill) stigma and style up to 42 h after first opening of the flower were investigated using light and electron microscopy. The pollen tubes grew in the stigma secretion and intercellular substance and initial contact occurred between the plasma membrane of the male and the cuticle and stigma secretion of the female. The pollen tube wall started to develop 15 min after pollination and increased in thickness up to 24 h after pollination. By 18 h after first opening of the flower, starch had disappeared and cell wall thickenings were present in both the pollinated and unpollinated stigma and style. The wall thickenings developed more slowly in the unpollinated than in the pollinated tissue. They contained lipid and were bounded by callose. Degeneration of the cytoplasm of some of the papilla and transmitting tissue cells occurred only following the passage of the pollen tubes and may be of importance in tube nutrition. There was no degeneration in the unpollinated stigma and style and the cytoplasm did not start to lose clarity until 42 h after first opening of the flower.

scholarly journals Structural cell wall proteins from five pollen species and their relationship with boron

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith del R. García-Hernández ◽  
Gladys I. Cassab López
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Structural Cell ◽  
Pollen Species ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Zea May ◽  
Pollen Tube Wall

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the survival of vascular plants. The most severe effect derived from a deficiency of B is the alteration of cell wall biogenesis and pollen germination. We investigated pollen of plant species that require B for germination (Zea may L. and Nicotiana tabacum L.), as well as those that can germinate without B (Pinus sp, Lilum longiflorum, Impatiens sp.). In both groups, B addition in the growth medium increased the length of the pollen tube after germination. Hydroxyproline Rich Glycoproteins (HRGPs) are the most abundant cell wall structural proteins of dicotyledonous plants and the sexual tissues of monocotyledonous plants. Here, we show that maize pollen accumulated a significant pool of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 63% of this amino acid was localized in the pollen tube wall. Maize pollen germinated in the presence of B accumulated soluble (48%) and non-soluble (16%) Hyp in the pollen tube wall in contrast to maize pollen germinated without B. In addition, B seems to modify the amount of HRGPs that become cross-linked to the wall. Immunolocalization of HRGPs showed that these glycoproteins were preferentially localized in the pollen tube of maize, not in the pollen grain itself. Hence, B might affect the assembling of HRGPs in the wall of pollen tubes grown in vitro.

Glycoproteins 66 and 69 kDa of pollen tube wall: properties and distribution in angiosperms

2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Fidlerová ◽  
Petr Smýkal ◽  
Jaroslav Tupý ◽  
Věra Čapková
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Wall Properties ◽  
Pollen Tube Wall
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