scholarly journals Regular exercise training attenuates pulmonary inflammatory responses to inhaled alumina refinery dust in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Marques Ferreira Normando ◽  
Flavia Mazzoli-Rocha ◽  
Dayse Kelly Molina Moreira ◽  
Bárbara Chaves Barcellos ◽  
Domingos Wanderley Picanço-Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Regular Exercise

scholarly journals Effects of regular exercise on ventricular myocyte biomechanics and KATP channel function

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. H885-H896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrui Wang ◽  
Robert H. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Action Potential Duration ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Ventricular Myocyte ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
High Activation ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Activation Rates

Exercise training is known to protect the heart from ischemia and improve function during exercise by reducing cardiomyocyte action potential duration (APD) and increasing contractility. The cellular mechanisms involve β-adrenergic regulation and the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel, but how each alters function of the left ventricle and sex specificity is unknown. To address this, female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to wheel-running (TRN) or sedentary (SED) groups. After 6–8 wk of training, myocytes were isolated from the left ventricle and field stimulated at 1, 2, and 5 Hz. TRN significantly increased cardiomyocyte contractility, the kinetics of the Ca2+ transient, and responsiveness to the adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO), as reflected by an increased sarcomere shortening. Importantly, we demonstrated a TRN-induced upregulation of KATP channels, which was reflected by elevated content, current density, and the channel’s contribution to APD shortening at high activation rates and in the presence of the activator pinacidil. TRN induced increase in KATP current occurred throughout the left ventricle, but channel subunit content showed regional specificity with increases in Kir6.2 in the apex and SUR2A in base regions. In summary, TRN elevated cardiomyocyte cross-bridge kinetics, Ca2+ sensitivity, and the responsiveness of contractile function to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in both sexes. Importantly, upregulation of the KATP channel accelerates repolarization and shortens APD during stress and exercise. These adaptations have clinical importance, as increased contractility and reduced APD would help protect cardiac output and reduce intracellular Ca2+ overload during stresses such as regional ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results demonstrate that regular exercise significantly increased ventricular myocyte shortening and relaxation velocity and the rate of rise in intracellular Ca2+ transient and enhanced the response of biomechanics and Ca2+ reuptake to β-adrenergic stimulation. Importantly, exercise training upregulated the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma ATP-sensitive K+ channel across the left ventricle in both sexes, as reflected by elevated channel subunit content, current density, and the channel’s contribution to reduced action potential duration at high activation rates.

scholarly journals Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7724
Author(s):  
Nancy Vargas-Mendoza ◽  
Marcelo Ángeles-Valencia ◽  
Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán ◽  
Mauricio Morales-Martínez ◽  
Judith Margarita Tirado-Lule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Regular exercise induces physiological and morphological changes in the organisms, but excessive training loads may induce damage and impair recovery or muscle growth. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Silymarin (SM) consumption on endurance capacity, muscle/cardiac histological changes, bodyweight, and food intake in rats subjected to 60 min of regular exercise training (RET) five days per week. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to an eight-week RET treadmill program and were previously administered SM and vitamin C. Bodyweight and food consumption were measured and registered. The maximal endurance capacity (MEC) test was performed at weeks one and eight. After the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of quadriceps/gastrocnemius and cardiac tissue were obtained and process for histological analyzes. (3) Results: SM consumption improved muscle recovery, inflammation, and damaged tissue, and promoted hypertrophy, vascularization, and muscle fiber shape/appearance. MEC increased after eight weeks of RET in all trained groups; moreover, the SM-treated group was enhanced more than the group with vitamin C. There were no significant changes in bodyweight and in food and nutrient consumption along the study. (5) Conclusion: SM supplementation may enhance physical performance, recovery, and muscle hypertrophy during the eight-week RET program.

Changes in Body Consciousness Relate to Regularity of Exercise Training

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-698
Author(s):  
Gary S. Skrinar ◽  
Nancy I. Williams ◽  
Beverly A. Bullen ◽  
Janet W. McArthur ◽  
Nicole Mihok
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Body Consciousness ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Body Self

Previous work has indicated improvement for scores on self-reported measures of body consciousness as aerobic fitness increased. To test whether exercise sufficient to improve aerobic fitness must be sustained on a regular basis to achieve positive changes in body consciousness, two separate periods of exercise training of 2 or 3 weeks duration were completed by nine female volunteers. The two exercise sessions were separated by 10 days of no exercise. Five women, as controls, did not exercise. Despite significant physiological improvement in the exercisers, no changes in self-perceived body self-consciousness were observed. Such changes may depend on the maintenance of a regular exercise regimen or the magnitude of physiological improvement.

PO054 THE EFFECTS OF REGULAR EXERCISE TRAINING ON RISK FACTORS AND MOOD STATES IN SUBJECTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. S72-S73
Author(s):  
I.I. Chen ◽  
C.F. Lai ◽  
W.C. Chan ◽  
T.F. Hsu ◽  
W.L. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Regular Exercise

scholarly journals Training affects muscle phospholipid fatty acid composition in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn W. Helge ◽  
Ben J. Wu ◽  
Mette Willer ◽  
Jens R. Daugaard ◽  
Leonard H. Storlien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition

Training improves insulin sensitivity, which in turn may affect performance by modulation of fuel availability. Insulin action, in turn, has been linked to specific patterns of muscle structural lipids in skeletal muscle. This study investigated whether regular exercise training exerts an effect on the muscle membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition in humans. Seven male subjects performed endurance training of the knee extensors of one leg for 4 wk. The other leg served as a control. Before, after 4 days, and after 4 wk, muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis. After 4 wk, the phospholipid fatty acid contents of oleic acid 18:1(n-9) and docosahexaenoic acid 22:6(n-3) were significantly higher in the trained (10.9 ± 0.5% and 3.2 ± 0.4% of total fatty acids, respectively) than the untrained leg (8.8 ± 0.5% and 2.6 ± 0.4%, P < 0.05). The ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids was significantly lower in the trained (11.1 ± 0.9) than the untrained leg (13.1 ± 1.2, P < 0.05). In contrast, training did not affect muscle triacylglycerol fatty acid composition. Citrate synthase activity was increased by 17% in the trained compared with the untrained leg ( P < 0.05). In this model, diet plays a minimal role, as the influence of dietary intake is similar on both legs. Regular exercise training per se influences the phospholipid fatty acid composition of muscle membranes but has no effect on the composition of fatty acids stored in triacylglycerols within the muscle.

scholarly journals Physical activity and aging

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
T. D. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The effects of exercise on aging are discussed under 4 headings viz. whether there is evidence that exercise might delay aging, the physiological and biochemical factors that alter with age, how exercise training influences these factors and ends with advice on how to start exercising at an older age. The author concludes that regular exercise is of great benefit to preserve physical well-being into old age.

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