scholarly journals The effect of lung stretch during sleep on airway mechanics in overweight and obese asthma

2013 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Campana ◽  
A. Malhotra ◽  
B. Suki ◽  
L. Hess ◽  
E. Israel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Mechanics ◽  
Lung Stretch

Evaluation of the airway mechanics of modified toggle laryngoplasty constructs using a vacuum chamber airflow model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Gray ◽  
Santiago D. Gutierrez‐Nibeyro ◽  
Laurent L. Couëtil ◽  
Gavin P. Horn ◽  
Richard M. Kesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Airway Mechanics ◽  
Airflow Model

Airway Mechanics and Ventilation in Response to Resistive Loading during Sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 1627-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIORA PILLAR ◽  
ATUL MALHOTRA ◽  
ROBERT FOGEL ◽  
JOSÉE BEAUREGARD ◽  
ROBERT SCHNALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Mechanics ◽  
Resistive Loading

High oxygen concentrations predispose mouse lungsto the deleterious effects of high stretch ventilation

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Bailey ◽  
Erica L. Martin ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Ruud A. W. Veldhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lung Stretch ◽  
Isolated Lungs ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation Group

Mechanical ventilation is a necessary intervention for patients with acute lung injury. However, mechanical ventilation can propagate acute lung injury and increase systemic inflammation. The exposure to >21% oxygen is often associated with mechanical ventilation yet has not been examined within the context of lung stretch. We hypothesized that mice exposed to >90% oxygen will be more susceptible to the deleterious effects of high stretch mechanical ventilation. C57B1/6 mice were randomized into 48-h exposure of 21 or >90% oxygen; mice were then killed, and isolated lungs were randomized into a nonstretch or an ex vivo, high-stretch mechanical ventilation group. Lungs were assessed for compliance and lavaged for surfactant analysis, and cytokine measurements or lungs were homogenized for surfactant-associated protein analysis. Mice exposed to >90% oxygen + stretch had significantly lower compliance, altered pulmonary surfactant, and increased inflammatory cytokines compared with all other groups. Our conclusion is that 48 h of >90% oxygen and high-stretch mechanical ventilation deleteriously affect lung function to a greater degree than stretch alone.

Upper airway mechanics and post-hypoxic ventilatory decline during NREM sleep

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Halker ◽  
L. A. Pierchala ◽  
M. S. Badr
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Airway Mechanics

Effect of sternothyrohyoid myectomy on upper airway mechanics in normal horses

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2812-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Holcombe ◽  
W. L. Beard ◽  
K. W. Hinchcliff ◽  
J. T. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Airway Patency ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Airway Mechanics ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance

The effect of transection of the sternothyroideus and sternohyoideus muscles on upper airway mechanics was investigated in exercising horses. Upper airway mechanics of six Standardbred horses were measured at rest and during exercise before and 24 h and 2 wk after sternothyrohyoid myectomy. Transnasal tracheal and pharyngeal catheters connected to differential pressure transducers were used to measure tracheal and pharyngeal pressures. A pneumotachograph mounted on the rostral end of an airtight face mask was used to measure airflow. Horses ran at 50, 75, and 100% of maximal O2 consumption on a treadmill. Twenty-four hours after sternothyrohyoid myectomy, no significant difference was detected in tracheal, pharyngeal, or translaryngeal inspiratory and expiratory pressures and impedances, inspiratory and expiratory flows, and respiratory frequency. Two weeks after sternothyrohyoid myectomy, there was a statistically significant increase in translaryngeal inspiratory pressure (P = 0.035) and tracheal inspiratory pressure (P = 0.032) compared with preoperative measurements. Two weeks after sternothyrohyoid myectomy, there was a statistically significant increase in translaryngeal inspiratory resistance (P = 0.017) and tracheal inspiratory resistance (P = 0.023) compared with preoperative values. Increased translaryngeal and tracheal inspiratory pressures and resistances after sternothyrohyoid myectomy suggest that the sternothyroideus and sternohyoideus muscles act to increase or maintain upper airway patency and stability in normal horses.

Endothelin-induced vascular and bronchial effects in pig airways: role in acute allergic responses

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1608-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sylvin ◽  
E. Weitzberg ◽  
K. Alving
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Selective Agonist ◽  
Acute Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Mechanics ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

The effects of endothelin (ET) agonists on airway mechanics and bronchial blood flow were studied as well as the effects of mixed ET-receptor antagonist bosentan on allergen-induced airway reactions in the pig. ET agonists [ET-1, ET-3, and the ETB receptor-selective agonist Sarafotoxin 6c (Sf6c)] were given as intravenous injections (0.4–200 pmol/kg) to eight anesthetized pigs. Bosentan (10 mg/kg iv) was then administered, and the injections were repeated. Only Sf6c caused a significant increase in airway resistance, and this response was blocked by bosentan. Sf6c and ET-1 (200 and 400 pmol/kg, respectively) were also given as aerosols to five pigs. Sf6c, but not ET-1, caused bronchoconstriction via this route. All agonists (intravenous) caused increases in bronchial vascular conductance, an effect that was blocked by an NO-synthase inhibitor ( N G-nitro-l-arginine) but unaffected by a cyxlooxygenase inhibitor (diclofenac). Fourteen pigs were sensitized with ascaris suum antigen. Under anesthesia, eight pigs were pretreated with bosentan, and six pigs were controls. They were all challenged with allergen aerosol resulting in acute bronchoconstriction and elevation of ET-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Bosentan did not affect the maximal acute airway obstruction but markedly increased baseline bronchial vascular conductance, suggesting a basal vascular tone regulated by ETs. In conclusion, ETs induce bronchoconstriction primarily via the ETB receptor in the pig. However, ETs are probably not involved in the allergen-induced acute bronchoconstriction in this model.

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