scholarly journals Early-life factors, in-utero exposures and endometriosis risk: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
Jessica Ottolina ◽  
Matteo Schimberni ◽  
Sofia Makieva ◽  
Ludovica Bartiromo ◽  
Teresa Fazia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
In Utero Exposures

scholarly journals Early life factors for endometriosis: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolína Olšarová ◽  
Gita D Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Early Life Exposures

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite its high prevalence and health burden, many aspects of endometriosis remain unclear, including risk factors and the underlying biological mechanisms. Exposures during early life, including in utero, are thought to play an important role in the subsequent onset of the condition. To date, however, much of the evidence from studies on early life exposures and diagnosed endometriosis appears mixed and difficult to assess. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This study aims to provide a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence on early life factors associated with the subsequent diagnosis of endometriosis. In utero and early life exposures have previously been linked to a range of adult health outcomes, including infertility. SEARCH METHODS A systematic review of case–control, cross-sectional and cohort studies was conducted using the search terms ‘endometriosis’[MeSH] AND (‘risk factors’[MeSH] OR ‘protective factors’[MeSH]) AND (‘in utero’, ‘fetal’, ‘neonatal, ‘perinatal’, ‘developmental origins’, ‘early life’, ‘childhood’ OR ‘life course’) in Embase, PubMed and Scopus databases. The review included articles published in English until 10 June 2018 with original data from studies with diagnosed endometriosis. The quality of primary studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale by both authors independently. Due to the degree of inconsistency in the measurements and study methods, a qualitative assessment of findings was undertaken rather than meta-analysis. OUTCOMES The search retrieved 70 records without duplicates that contained 20 records on human case–control, cross-sectional or cohort studies, from which 11 papers/studies were selected based on their assessment score. The majority of studies found that women born with low birthweight (<2.5 kg or <5.5 lb) were more likely to be diagnosed with endometriosis. For other early life factors, the evidence is mixed or limited, with further research needed on the association of endometriosis with preterm birth, in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol and to maternal smoking, passive smoking in early life, and infant formula feeding (compared with breastfeeding). WIDER IMPLICATIONS While the weight of evidence points to low birthweight as a risk factor for diagnosis of endometriosis, future research is warranted on this and other key early life exposures where the findings are mixed to provide more robust evidence and for insights on potential causal pathways. Such research, however, needs to address current methodological issues, such as the use of prospective data from large population-based studies, better diagnostic methods to confirm disease free status, more consistent definitions of variables and consideration of potential biological mechanisms to guide the analyses. The improvements will advance the future synthesis of evidence to support clinically relevant risk assessment for a more timely diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

scholarly journals in utero HIV exposure and the early nutritional environment influence neurodevelopment in infants before age three: findings from an evidenced review and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina White ◽  
Kristin L Connor
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Exposure

The developing brain is especially vulnerable to infection and suboptimal nutrition during the pre- and early postnatal periods. Exposure to maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral therapies (ART) in utero and during breastfeeding can adversely influence infant (neuro)developmental trajectories. How early life nutrition may be optimised to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants who are HIV/ART-exposed has not been well characterised. We conducted an up-to-date evidence review and meta-analysis on the influence of HIV exposure in utero and during breastfeeding, and early life nutrition, on infant neurodevelopmental outcomes before age three. We report that exposure to maternal HIV infection/ART may adversely influence expressive language development, in particular, and these effects may be detectable within the first three years of life. Further, while male infants may be especially vulnerable to HIV/ART exposure, few studies overall reported sex-comparisons, and whether there are sex-dependent effects of HIV exposure on neurodevelopment remains a critical knowledge gap to fill. Lastly, early life nutrition interventions, including daily maternal multivitamin supplementation during the perinatal period, may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants who are HIV-exposed. Our findings suggest that the early nutritional environment may be leveraged to improve early neurodevelopmental trajectories in infants who have been exposed to HIV in utero. A clear understanding of how this environment should be optimised is key for developing targeted nutrition interventions during critical developmental periods in order to mitigate adverse outcome later in life, and should be a priority of future research.

scholarly journals Parental, In Utero, and Early-Life Exposure to Benzene and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frolayne M. Carlos-Wallace ◽  
Luoping Zhang ◽  
Martyn T. Smith ◽  
Gabriella Rader ◽  
Craig Steinmaus
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Early Life Exposure

scholarly journals In Utero HIV Exposure and the Early Nutritional Environment Influence Infant Neurodevelopment: Findings from an Evidenced Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3375
Author(s):  
Marina White ◽  
Kristin L. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Multivitamin Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
Hiv Exposure ◽  
Hiv Exposed

The developing brain is especially vulnerable to infection and suboptimal nutrition during the pre- and early postnatal periods. Exposure to maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapies (ART) in utero and during breastfeeding can adversely influence infant (neuro) developmental trajectories. How early life nutrition may be optimised to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants who are HIV-exposed has not been well characterised. We conducted an up-to-date evidence review and meta-analysis on the influence of HIV exposure in utero and during breastfeeding, and early life nutrition, on infant neurodevelopmental outcomes before age three. We report that exposure to maternal HIV infection may adversely influence expressive language development, in particular, and these effects may be detectable within the first three years of life. Further, while male infants may be especially vulnerable to HIV exposure, few studies overall reported sex-comparisons, and whether there are sex-dependent effects of HIV exposure on neurodevelopment remains a critical knowledge gap to fill. Lastly, early life nutrition interventions, including daily maternal multivitamin supplementation during the perinatal period, may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants who are HIV-exposed. Our findings suggest that the early nutritional environment may be leveraged to improve early neurodevelopmental trajectories in infants who have been exposed to HIV in utero. A clear understanding of how this environment should be optimised is key for developing targeted nutrition interventions during critical developmental periods in order to mitigate adverse outcomes later in life and should be a priority of future research.

Influence of Early Life Factors on Jail Detention of African Americans As Adults

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Spann ◽  
Negar Fani ◽  
Bekh Bradley ◽  
Kerry Ressler
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Factors

scholarly journals Association between early bronchiolitis and the development of childhood asthma: a meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043956
Author(s):  
Guizuo Wang ◽  
Dong Han ◽  
Zhengdong Jiang ◽  
Manxiang Li ◽  
Shumei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Registration Number

ObjectiveEarly life bronchiolitis has been hypothesised to be associated with the subsequent risk of persistent wheezing or asthma. However, the link remains controversial. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between bronchiolitis before 2 years of age and the late-onset wheezing/asthma.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published between 1955 and January 2020. Meanwhile, we also checked through the reference lists of relevant articles to see whether these references included reports of other studies that might be eligible for the review. Cohort and case–control studies assessing the association between early-life bronchiolitis and late-onset wheezing/asthma were included in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results were pooled using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model according to the heterogeneity among studies.Results32 original articles with 292 844 participants, which met the criteria, were included in this meta-analysis. Bronchiolitis before 2 years of age was associated with an increased risk of subsequent wheezing/asthma (relative risk=2.46, 95% CI 2.14 to 2.82, p<0.001). After categorising studies into different groups based on age at the end of follow-up, geographical region and study quality, the association still remained significant.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis indicates an association between bronchiolitis before 2 years of age and the wheezing/asthma in later life. Well-designed and highly standardised prospective studies that better address bias due to potential confounding factors are needed to validate the risk identified in our meta-analysis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018089453.

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