Influence of Early Life Factors on Jail Detention of African Americans As Adults

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Spann ◽  
Negar Fani ◽  
Bekh Bradley ◽  
Kerry Ressler
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Factors

scholarly journals The Association of Early Life Factors and Declining Incidence Rates of Dementia in an Elderly Population of African Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S82-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh C Hendrie ◽  
Valerie Smith-Gamble ◽  
Kathleen A Lane ◽  
Christianna Purnell ◽  
Daniel O Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Cohort Difference ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Objectives To explore the possible association of childhood residence, education levels, and occupation with declining incidence rates of dementia in 2 cohorts of elderly African Americans. Methods African Americans residing in Indianapolis without dementia were enrolled in 1992 and 2001 and evaluated every 2–3 years. The cohorts consist of 1,440 participants in 1992 and 1,835 participants in 2001 aged 70 years and older. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to compare cohort differences in dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. Results The 2001 cohort had significantly decreased risk of both incident dementia and AD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62/0.57 for dementia/AD). Years of education was associated with decreased risk of dementia (HR = 0.93; p = .0011). A significant interaction (p = .0477) between education and childhood rural residence was found for the risk of AD that higher education level is significantly associated with reduced AD risk (HR = 0.87) in participants with childhood rural residence, but no association in those with urban upbringing. The cohort difference for dementia rates were attenuated by adjusting for the 3 risk factors but remained significant (HR = 0.75; p = .04). Discussion These results emphasize the importance of early life factors including rural residence and education for the risk for dementia later in life.

scholarly journals The impact of early life factors on cognitive function in old age: The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Christoffer Skogen ◽  
Simon Øverland ◽  
A David Smith ◽  
Arnstein Mykletun ◽  
Robert Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Early life factors and dental caries in 5-year-old children in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Sun ◽  
Eduardo Bernabé ◽  
Xuenan Liu ◽  
Jennifer E. Gallagher ◽  
Shuguo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Factors

Association between early-life factors and risk of child-onset Crohnʼs disease among victorian children born 1983–1998: A birth cohort study

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Louise Ponsonby ◽  
Anthony G. Catto-Smith ◽  
Angela Pezic ◽  
Sandy Dupuis ◽  
Jane Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Early Life Factors

scholarly journals Association of intrauterine and early life factors with uterine leiomyomata in black women

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Wise ◽  
Rose G. Radin ◽  
Julie R. Palmer ◽  
Lynn Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Uterine Leiomyomata ◽  
Early Life Factors

Early Life Factors for Overweight Risk Among Infants of Hispanic Immigrant Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen F. Gaffney ◽  
Deborah A. Kermer ◽  
Panagiota Kitsantas ◽  
Albert V. Brito ◽  
Katya M. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Early Life Factors

Early life factors as predictors of age-associated deficit accumulation across 17 years from midlife into old age

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus J Haapanen ◽  
Juulia Jylhävä ◽  
Lauri Kortelainen ◽  
Tuija M Mikkola ◽  
Minna Salonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Early Life Exposures

Abstract Background Early life exposures have been associated with the risk of frailty in old age. We investigated whether early life exposures predict the level and rate of change in a frailty index (FI) from midlife into old age. Methods A linear mixed model analysis was performed using data from three measurement occasions over 17 years in participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (n=2000) aged 57-84 years. A 41-item FI was calculated on each occasion. Information on birth size, maternal body mass index (BMI), growth in infancy and childhood, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), and early life stress (wartime separation from both parents), was obtained from registers and healthcare records. Results At age 57 years the mean FI level was 0.186 and the FI levels increased by 0.34 percent/year from midlife into old age. Larger body size at birth associated with a slower increase in FI levels from midlife into old age. Per 1kg greater birth weight the increase in FI levels per year was -0.087 percentage points slower (95% CI=-0.163, -0.011; p=0.026). Higher maternal BMI was associated with a higher offspring FI level in midlife and a slower increase in FI levels into old age. Larger size, faster growth from infancy to childhood, and low SES in childhood were all associated with a lower FI level in midlife but not with its rate of change. Conclusions Early life factors seem to contribute to disparities in frailty from midlife into old age. Early life factors may identify groups that could benefit from frailty prevention, optimally initiated early in life.

FC 059EARLY LIFE FACTORS AND ADULT KIDNEY FUNCTION ESTIMATED BY CYSTATIN C AND CREATININE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE EQUATIONS AND ALBUMINURIA: A SWEDISH COHORT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene ◽  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Peter M Nilsson ◽  
Anders Christensson
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Adult Kidney ◽  
Early Life Factors

Abstract Background and Aims Renal functional capacity is influenced by factors acting early in life, such as intrauterine environment, maturity, birth weight, length at birth, placental weight etc. Early life factors are responsible for the number of nephrons a person starts life with, and the consequence of a low nephron number is earlier kidney ageing and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Notably, most reports addressing early life factors in the context of adult kidney function use creatinine-based eGFR equations and/or albuminuria and lack longer follow-up (<30 years). Therefore, we aimed to identify early life factors associated with kidney function, determined by different creatinine and cystatin C equations and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), more than 40 years later. Method 94 women and 494 men, born 1923-50, who participated in The Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) study were analyzed. Perinatal data records including birth weight (BW), birth length, head circumference, gestational age, placenta weight (PW) and mother related risk factors were collected from hospital and regional state archives. After a follow-up of 46 to 67 years study subjects underwent physical examination, blood pressure measurements and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using 4 different equations: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2012 creatinine and cystatin C formula (CKD-EPI_creatinine, CKD-EPI_cystatin C), cystatin C eGFR equation based on Caucasian, Asian, pediatric, and adult cohorts (CAPA), the Lund-Malmö revised creatinine based eGFR equation (LM_rev). Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured in morning urine samples, albuminuria was defined as UACR ⩾3 mg/mmol. Birth weight z-scores (gender specific BWz and combined BWz) acquired by using the equation as reported by Marsal et al.(1996). Four growth mismatch phenotypes defined by combining low or high BW z-score (lowBWz or hiBWz respectively) with lower or higher body mass index at 20 years of age (lowBMI20 ir hiBMI20 respectively). Results Linear regression analysis of early life factors indicated that in females birth weight was positively associated with kidney function measured by both CAPA and CKD-EPI_cystatin C. In the whole population, birth weight adjusted for gestational age and sex, together with prematurity were independently associated to CKD-EPI_cystatin C, while BW/PW ratio was related to LM_rev. Logistic regression analysis showed that only gender specific BWz and combined BWz shared the same odds ratios for age and pulse pressure adjusted albuminuria in males (OR 0,75 (95%CI [0,58; 0,96]). While analyzing postnatal growth mismatch we found that females with hiBWz/lowBMI20 phenotype had significantly worse kidney function acquired by both cystatin C equations compared to those with lowBWz/lowBMI20 phenotype (p=0.044 for CAPA, p=0.040 for CKD-EPI_cystatin C). The logistic regression analysis revealed that hiBWz/hiBMI20 phenotype was related to lower risk of age and pulse pressure adjusted albuminuria (OR 0,35 (95%CI[0,12;0,93]) Conclusion Here we report that lower birth weight in females is associated with worse kidney function determined by cystatin C eGFR equations, while in males lower birth weight z-score is a risk factor for albuminuria in adulthood. Postnatal growth catch-up is not related to worse kidney function. We identified the protective phenotype (hiBWz/hiBMI20) for albuminuria in males and the unfavorable phenotype (hiBWz/lowBMI20) for kidney function in females. This suggests that lower birth weight and postnatal growth curve have a potential sex specific effect to kidney function and development of CKD in middle-aged Swedish subjects. Further studies are warranted to address early life factor prognostic accuracy in kidney function and outcomes prediction later in the lifetime.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of early life factors on inequalities in risk of overweight in UK children: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 724-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Massion ◽  
Sophie Wickham ◽  
Anna Pearce ◽  
Ben Barr ◽  
Catherine Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Early Life Factors ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Academic Qualifications

BackgroundOverweight and obesity in childhood are socially patterned, with higher prevalence in more disadvantaged populations, but it is unclear to what extent early life factors attenuate the social inequalities found in childhood overweight/obesity.MethodsWe estimated relative risks (RRs) for being overweight (combining with obesity) at age 11 in 11 764 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) according to socio-economic circumstances (SEC). Early life risk factors were explored to assess if they attenuated associations between SECs and overweight.Results28.84% of children were overweight at 11 years. Children of mothers with no academic qualifications were more likely to be overweight (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.01) compared to children of mothers with degrees and higher degrees. Controlling for prenatal, perinatal, and early life characteristics (particularly maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and maternal smoking during pregnancy) reduced the RR for overweight to 1.44, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.69 in the group with the lowest academic qualifications compared to the highest.ConclusionsWe observed a clear social gradient in overweight 11-year-old children using a representative UK sample. Moreover, we identified specific early life risk factors, including maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight, that partially account for the social inequalities found in childhood overweight. Policies to support mothers to maintain a healthy weight, breastfeed and abstain from smoking during pregnancy are important to improve maternal and child health outcomes, and our study provides some evidence that they may also help to address the continuing rise in inequalities in childhood overweight.

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