Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafail I. Kushak ◽  
Harland S. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender

Gut Microbiota and Gender in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafail I. Kushak ◽  
Harland S. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gender Dimorphism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact

: Gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is well known; however, the reasons for gender differences in autism are poorly understood. There are several hypotheses that might explain male prevalence in ASD including increased levels of androgens, “extreme male brain,” and a combination of elevated levels of prenatal testosterone in conjunction with prenatal stress. In this review, differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome in humans and animals are described to explain gender differences in individuals with ASD, effects on behavior and social interactions and the impact of antibiotics, probiotics and fecal transplants. The bidirectional relationship between sex hormones and intestinal microbiota could also be relevant. Such interactions have been described in autoimmune diseases, but thus far are not implicated in ASD. We hypothesize that similar cross-talk exists in ASD between gut microbiota and sex hormones. Since intestinal microbiota may affect behavior, it is possible that prevalence of ASD in boys may be associated with more significant changes in the intestinal microbiome than in affected girls.

scholarly journals Disturbances of intestinal microbiota in autism spectrum disorders: new horizons in search for pathogenetic approaches to therapy. Рart 3. Рotential strategies of influence on gut-brain axis for correction of symptoms of autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
A. S. Blagonravova ◽  
T. V. Zhilyaeva ◽  
D. V. Kvashnina
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Published Data ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Further Development

The third part of the literature review on the role of intestinal microbiota disturbances in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is devoted to the analysis of published literature on possible interventional approaches for intestinal microbiota in ASD and the evaluation of the effectiveness of various types of interventions that have been studied in experiment and in clinical practice. Presented are available data on the possibility of correcting the intestinal microbiota in ASD with diet, taking pre- and probiotics, antibiotic therapy, as well as the effectiveness of transplantation of intestinal microbiota. An analysis of published data suggests that further development of approaches for correcting intestinal dysbiosis in ASD may provide safe and probably effective strategy for behavioral symptoms, but this requires further randomized controlled trials to confirm efficacy and safety from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, since available to date studies are small and scattered, and therefore they can only be considered preliminary.

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Sexual and Gender Expansive Identities

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-144
Author(s):  
Erin R. Donovan ◽  
Mollie Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender

An increased correlation between expansive gender has been identified in individuals with autism. A case study of a family with a young boy with autism and Klinefelter's syndrome is presented that discusses the specific challenges from a parental perspective. Additional treatment considerations are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the immune status in children with autism spectrum disorders associated with genetic folate cycle deficiency

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
D. V. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Folate Cycle

Children with autism spectrum disorders have repeatedly reported the presence of signs of immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. Objective: to study the association of genetic folate cycle deficiency with violations of various parameters of the immune status in children with autism spectrum disorders. Study group (SG) were 78 children with a genetic folate cycle deficiency and autism spectrum disorders. The control group (CG) was formed by 34 healthy patients the appropriate age and gender. All participants underwent a comprehensive immunological examination during the observation period (2–5 years). Statistical analysis was performed using the method of variation statistics with Student’s T-test and non-parametric test of signs Z by Urbach. In addition, the calculated χ-squared Pearson criteria, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. It was significantly lower average number of NK- and NKT-cells and myeloperoxidase in the peripheral blood of SG children compared to the CG (P > 0,05; Z > Z0,05). A relationship of genetic folate cycle deficiency with selective deficiency of the NK- (χ2 = 37,69, P = 0,01; OR = 11,18, 95 % CI = 4,34–28,50; α = 0,05) and NKT-cells (χ2 = 38,01, P = 0,01; OR = 18,08, 95 % CI = 6,42–50,41; α = 0,05) and myeloperoxidase (χ2 = 6,43, P = 0,05; OR = 3,97, 95 % CI = 1,27–12,42; α = 0,05) was observed. Discovered violations of immune status may explain the origin of the well-known broad clinical phenotype in children with autistic spectrum disoders. We described a new form of primary immunodeficiency associated with a genetic folate cycle disorder, with predominant involvement of NK- and NKT-cells.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorders and intestinal microbiota

Gut Microbes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Ruggiero Francavilla ◽  
Maria Piccolo ◽  
Andrea De Giacomo ◽  
Marco Gobbetti
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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