scholarly journals Using design geometrical features to develop an analytical cost estimation method for axisymmetric components in open-die forging

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Campi ◽  
Claudio Favi ◽  
Marco Mandolini ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Open Die Forging

scholarly journals An analytical cost estimation model for the design of axisymmetric components with open-die forging technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1869-1892
Author(s):  
Federico Campi ◽  
Marco Mandolini ◽  
Claudio Favi ◽  
Emanuele Checcacci ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Open Die Forging

Abstract Open-die forging is a manufacturing process commonly used for realising simple shaped components with high mechanical performances and limited capability in terms of production volume. To date, an analytical model for estimating the costs of components manufactured with this technology is still an open issue. The paper aims to define an analytical model for cost estimation of axisymmetric components manufactured by open-die forging technology. The model is grounded on the analysis of geometrical features available at the design stage providing a detailed cost breakdown in relation to all the process phases and the raw material. The model allows predicting product cost, linking geometrical features and cost items, to carry out design-to-cost actions oriented to the reduction of manufacturing cost. The model is mainly conceived for design engineers, cost engineers and buyers, respectively, for improving the product design, the manufacturing process and the supply chain. Cost model and related schemas for collecting equations and data are presented, including the approach for sizing the raw material and a set of rules for modelling the related cost. Finally, analytic equations for modelling the cost of the whole forging process (i.e. billet cutting, heating, pre-smoothing, smoothing, upsetting, max-shoulder cogging, necking and shoulders cogging) are reported. The cost model has been tested on eight cylindrical parts such as discs and shafts with different shapes, dimensions and materials. Two forge masters have been involved in the testing phase. The absolute average deviation between the actual and estimated costs is approximately 4% for raw material and 21% for the process. The absolute average deviation on the total cost (raw material and manufacturing process) is approximately 5%.

Keynote

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Ingo Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Application Developers

Blockchain is a novel distributed ledger technology. Through its features and smart contract capabilities, a wide range of application areas opened up for blockchain-based innovation [5]. In order to analyse how concrete blockchain systems as well as blockchain applications are used, data must be extracted from these systems. Due to various complexities inherent in blockchain, the question how to interpret such data is non-trivial. Such interpretation should often be shared among parties, e.g., if they collaborate via a blockchain. To this end, we devised an approach codify the interpretation of blockchain data, to extract data from blockchains accordingly, and to output it in suitable formats [1, 2]. This work will be the main topic of the keynote. In addition, application developers and users of blockchain applications may want to estimate the cost of using or operating a blockchain application. In the keynote, I will also discuss our cost estimation method [3, 4]. This method was designed for the Ethereum blockchain platform, where cost also relates to transaction complexity, and therefore also to system throughput.

A Control Strategy and Upper Bound Solution for Non-Flat Tool Open Die Forging Automation

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Sequence Generation ◽  
Bound Solution ◽  
Upper Bound Solution ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Strategy Model ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Open Die Forging ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The open die forging process can provide a number of benefits if its costs can be made competitive through automation. This paper describes a control strategy for automated open die forging forming sequence generation. An upper bound solution for forging with radiused tools is developed, along with a method for using this solution to estimate forming results, a necessary component of the control strategy. Model predictions are compared to physical experimental data using plasticine, and show good agreement.

Open Die Forging of Copper Cone

2021 ◽  
pp. 537-548
Author(s):  
A. Shirizly ◽  
G. Harpaz ◽  
A. Shmuel
Keyword(s):  
Die Forging ◽  
Open Die Forging

Hydraulic Press Open Die Forging of 21CrMoV5-7 Steel CCM Roller with Flat Upper and Concave Semi-round Lower Cogging Dies

2021 ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kukhar ◽  
Oleg Vasylevskyi ◽  
Olha Khliestova ◽  
Ivan Berestovoi ◽  
Elena Balalayeva
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Open Die Forging

Analysis on Void Closure Behavior during Hot Open Die Forging

2007 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Young Seon Lee ◽  
Y.C. Kwon ◽  
Yong Nam Kwon ◽  
Jung Hwan Lee ◽  
S.W. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Void Closure ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Open Die Forging

A grey rough set model for evaluation and selection of software cost estimation methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jian-Zhong Qiao
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Grey System Theory ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – Due to the limitation of acknowledgment, the complexity of software system and the interference of noises, this paper aims to solve the traditional problem: traditional software cost estimation methods face the challenge of poor and uncertain inputs. Design/methodology/approach – Under such circumstances, different cost estimation methods vary greatly on estimation accuracy and effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to perform evaluation and selection on estimation methods against a poor information database. This paper presents a grey rough set model by introducing grey system theory into rough set based analysis, aiming for a better choice of software cost estimation method on accuracy and effectiveness. Findings – The results are very encouraging in the sense of comparison among four machine learning techniques and thus indicate it an effective approach to evaluate software cost estimation method where insufficient information is provided. Practical implications – Based on the grey rough set model, the decision targets can be classified approximately. Furthermore, the grey of information and the limitation of cognition can be overcome during the use of the grey rough interval correlation cluster method. Originality/value – This paper proposed the grey rough set model combining grey system theory with rough set for software cost estimation method evaluation and selection.

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