scholarly journals Incorporating unit manufacturing process models into life cycle assessment workflows

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Z. Bernstein ◽  
Cesar D. Tamayo ◽  
David Lechevalier ◽  
Michael P. Brundage
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Process Models

Assessing Water Consumption of S-PVC Resin Manufacturing Process by Life Cycle Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
Sun Olapiriyakul
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Local Water

The rapid growth of industry has resulted in increased severity of water scarcity in the Eastern region of Thailand over the past decade. The assessment of water use by industrial manufacturing processes located in areas experiencing water stress is necessary to ensure a sustainable water resources management. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of life cycle assessment as a tool for assessing water use in an industrial manufacturing process. A case study of S-PVC resin manufacturing process located in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate, Rayong province, Thailand, is presented. The studying results indicate that the amount of water used to produce 1 Kg of S-PVC resin is 14.72 liters, of which 6.22 liters are withdrawn from local water resources. Additionally, the direct and indirect water use along the production supply chain is accounted for in a streamlined life cycle assessment.

The Life Cycle Assessment of a Polypropylene Product, Part A: Raw Materials, Manufacturing and Disposal Scenario

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 515-518
Author(s):  
Karin Kandananond
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Product Part

The life cycle of a polypropylene stacking chair is assessed in order to represent the environmental impact of a plastic product. The analysis is categorized into two phases, manufacturing and disposing. The manufacturing process of a chair concerns a prime material, polypropylene (PP) granulate, an injection molding process and a resource, electricity. According to the assessment, the PP granulate seems to contribute the highest impact on the environment in term of the fossil fuel used. Afterwards, the landfill method is used in the disposal scenario of waste, and the analysis shows that the highest impact comes in the form of carcinogens followed by ecotoxicity.

scholarly journals Comparative life cycle assessment of carbon fiber reinforced compositecomponents for automotive industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archimede Forcellese ◽  
Tommaso Mancia ◽  
Michela Simoncini ◽  
Serena Gentili ◽  
Marco Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Autoclave Curing ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Advanced materials, especially carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP), have gained the attention of different industries whichproduce lightweight and high-performance components. The most used manufacturing processes to realize these kinds of products are Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and vacuum bag molding with autoclave curing. RTM is based on dry fiber technology and it appears the most promising manufacturing process to realized high-quality carbon fiber parts reducing cost and manufacturing time, especially if high pressure variants are employed. On the other hand, vacuum bag molding with autoclave curing is a very consolidated process which is, however, associated with long manufacturing time and costs as well as to low repeatability of the process due to the high labor input. Out-of-autoclave methods, such as pressure bag molding (PBM) have been developed to overcome the issues of vacuum bag molding process. From the environmental point of view, the manufacturing of CFRP components is associated with high environmental loads due to the impacts related to both raw materials and manufacturing processes. For this reason, reducing the energy consumption of production phases can lead to the development of greener CFRP products. In this context, the main scope of the present research is to evaluate and compare the environmental loads of a component for the automotive industry realized exploiting the RTM, the PBM and the bag molding processes to determine which one is eco-friendlier. This analysis has been conducted following the standard Life Cycle Assessment methodology based on a “cradle to gate” approach. In this way, the use phase and the disposal of the CFRP component have not been included in the analysis. Results have been evaluated by comparing the equivalent CO2 related to each manufacturing process.

Life Cycle Assessment of Timber Formwork: Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
L'uboš Krišták ◽  
Rastislav Igaz ◽  
Dušan Brozman ◽  
Roman Réh ◽  
Petra Šiagiová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Energy Savings

The article deas with evaluation of the selected parts of a life cycle of timber formwork on a wooden basis, notably in the field of manufacturing and usage. Experimental research focused mainly on assessing the possibilities of energy savings in a manufacturing process through shortening a technological process of moulding. By optimalisation of a moulding period, it is possible to achieve considerable energy savings. Based upon the experiments, we created an experimental model in order to determine optimum moulding time. Withing a process of usage, we evaluated particular materials with regard to re-use cycle based upon the experience of commercial manufacturers.

scholarly journals Multi-objective performance assessment of wastewater treatment plants combining plant-wide process models and life cycle assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Arnell ◽  
Magnus Rahmberg ◽  
Felipe Oliveira ◽  
Ulf Jeppsson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Objective Performance

Abstract Multi-objective performance assessment of operational strategies at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a challenging task. The holistic perspective applied to evaluation of modern WWTPs, including not only effluent quality but also resource efficiency and recovery, global environmental impact and operational cost calls for assessment methods including both on- and off-site effects. In this study, a method combining dynamic process models – including greenhouse gas (GHG), detailed energy models and operational cost – and life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed. The method was applied and calibrated to a large Swedish WWTP. In a performance assessment study, changing the operational strategy to chemically enhanced primary treatment was evaluated. The results show that the primary objectives, to enhance bio-methane production and reduce GHG emissions were reached. Bio-methane production increased by 14% and the global warming potential decreased by 28%. However, due to increased consumption of chemicals, the operational cost increased by 87% and the LCA revealed that the abiotic depletion of elements and fossil resources increased by 77 and 305%, respectively. The results emphasize the importance of using plant-wide mechanistic models and life cycle analysis to capture both the dynamics of the plant and the potential environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Application of Life Cycle Assessment in the Environmental Study of Sustainable Ceramic Bricks Made with ‘alperujo’ (Olive Pomace)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2278
Author(s):  
Ana B. López-García ◽  
Teresa Cotes-Palomino ◽  
Manuel Uceda-Rodríguez ◽  
José Manuel Moreno-Maroto ◽  
Carlos Javier Cobo-Ceacero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Best Available Techniques

Investigations on the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to the construction sector have shown that the environmental impact of construction products can be significantly reduced. To achieve this, the use of best available techniques and eco-innovation in production plants must be promoted. In this way, the use of finite natural resources can be replaced by waste generated in other production processes, preferably available locally, stimulating the creation of more sustainable products. Conducting a comparative LCA study between the traditional ceramic brick manufacturing process and the ceramic brick manufacturing process incorporating ‘alperujo’ (waste generated in the virgin oil extraction process), is an inevitable step to achieve the integration of circularity and eco-innovation in the production system of traditional ceramic materials, through the CML(Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden) and IPCC(The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology. The obtained results suggest that the environmental benefits in this practice are very limited, even taking into account the contribution of different amounts of this waste to the production of bricks.

Life cycle assessment of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) manufacturing process in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassiano Moro Piekarski ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Francisco ◽  
Leila Mendes da Luz ◽  
João Luiz Kovaleski ◽  
Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Medium Density
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