Investigation of the intra-particle sintering kinetics of a mainly agglomerated alumina powder by using surface area reduction

2006 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ada ◽  
M. Önal ◽  
Y. Sarıkaya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Sintering Kinetics ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Surface Area Reduction

scholarly journals Characterization and kinetics of surface area reduction during the calcination of dredged sediments

2009 ◽  
Vol 190 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Ramaroson ◽  
Jean-Louis Dirion ◽  
Ange Nzihou ◽  
Guy Depelsenaire
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Surface Area Reduction

Three-Dimensional Photography for Measuring Volumetric Changes After Submental Cryolipolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Adam Honeybrook ◽  
Jason D. Bloom ◽  
Charles Woodard ◽  
Eric F. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Submental Fat ◽  
Surface Area Reduction

High-resolution 3-dimensional photography offers unparalleled advantages in objective and detailed skin contour characterization, quantification, volumetric and surface area analysis. This study aims to illustrate the benefits of 3-dimensional photography through analysis of noninvasive reduction of submental fat using cryolipolysis. A nonrandomized prospective analysis was performed of 14 selected patients who underwent treatment with cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting System; Zeltiq) between February and June 2016. The benefits of 3-dimensional photography (Vectra; Canfield Scientific) are presented. High-quality 3-dimensional images are presented to illustrate the utility of 3-dimensional photography as a means to quantitatively evaluate changes in submental volume, fat thickness, and surface area reduction, thereby exemplifying the broad applicability of this imaging technique. Three-dimensional photography technology provides clinicians with enhanced options that extend beyond simple 2-dimensional photography. Our study illustrates the benefits of the technology for accurately measuring volumetric changes after submental cryolipolysis treatment.

Desiccation Tolerance and Water-Retentive Mechanisms in Tardigrades

1989 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN C. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Desiccation Rate ◽  
Surface Area Reduction ◽  
Positive Regression

Tardigrades entering a state of anhydrobiosis (cryptobiosis) show considerable interspecific variation in desiccation tolerance, lower lethal humidities for initial desiccation ranging from 78 to 53 %. Species most tolerant of rapid initial drying also show the most rapid acquisition of tolerance to low humidities (25–31 %) following drying in high humidity. Surface area reduction during tun formation shows a significant positive regression against desiccation tolerance in the Eutardigrada. The most desiccation-tolerant species thus infold the largest areas of cuticle. By comparison, the heterotardigrade Echiniscus testudo shows a very poor capacity for surface area reduction. The thick dorsal plates may restrict cuticle intucking in this species. When hydrated tardigrades are desiccated in 80 % relative humidity they show a characteristic profile of mass loss, dehydrating rapidly in the first few minutes and then showing an abrupt reduction in transpiration (the ‘permeability slump'). This applies to living animals, which form tuns when desiccated, and to dead animals remaining extended. The permeability slump is not, therefore, a metabolic phenomenon and is not related to tun formation. Subsequent transpiration rates are very low and decline exponentially. The permeability slump allows animals to retain considerable amounts of internal water when desiccated, although less water is retained if the desiccation rate is increased. This may determine upper tolerable desiccation rates if a certain minimum quantity of water is required for the metabolic synthesis of membrane protectants. A significant positive regression between water retention and desiccation tolerance supports this hypothesis.

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