scholarly journals Batch foaming of poly(ε-caprolactone) using carbon dioxide: Impact of crystallization on cell nucleation as probed by ultrasonic measurements

Polymer ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 5012-5024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Reignier ◽  
Jacques Tatibouët ◽  
Richard Gendron
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Batch Foaming

Solubility and diffusivity of CO2 and N2 in TPU and their effects on cell nucleation in batch foaming

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 104623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruosong Li ◽  
Jung Hyub Lee ◽  
Chongda Wang ◽  
Lun Howe Mark ◽  
Chul B. Park
Keyword(s):  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Batch Foaming

Foaming of Polystyrene with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 366-370
Author(s):  
Wei Hua Ma ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Qin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Foaming Process ◽  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Foaming Temperature ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

General Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS) and High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) were foamed with supercritical carbon dioxide in the batch foaming process. Foaming behaviors of GPPS and HIPS were investigated. The cell diameters and cell densities of GPPS and HIPS vary strangely with foaming conditions and can be explained by the classical nucleation. The competition between cell growth and cell nucleation is used to explain these strange foaming behaviors. The glass transition temperature (Tg) almost remains constant with the foaming temperature rising.

Confined batch foaming of semi‐crystalline rubbery elastomers with carbon dioxide using a mold

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (26) ◽  
pp. 50698
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Sarver ◽  
Jenna L. Sumey ◽  
Richard M. Whitfield ◽  
Erdogan Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Batch Foaming

Solubility and diffusivity of supercritical carbon dioxide in cellulose acetate with cosolvents

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Ding ◽  
Rongjun Wei ◽  
Sanjiu Ying
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Saturation Temperature ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The gravimetric procedure was applied to investigate the solubility and diffusivity of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) in cellulose acetate (CA). The solubility increases constantly in the initial period and reaches the dissolution equilibrium when the saturation time exceeds 10 h. The solubility decreases gradually from 14.29 wt% to 7.36 wt%, while the saturation temperature increases from 40°C to 70°C. The solubility increases by only 5.63%, while the saturation pressure grows from 10 MPa (12.62 wt%) to 30 MPa (13.33 wt%). The presence of cosolvents, especially ethanol, improves the solubility obviously. The diffusivity is not affected by pressure but increases with the solubility. Scanning electron microscopic images show that the cell densities increase with the content of ethanol, which implies that the higher solubility is in favor of the cell nucleation. The foamed CA with 10 wt% or 20 wt% ethanol has both low density and good impact properties.

Electron Cytochemical Study of Carbon Dioxide Laser Effect on Rhesus Monkey Cornea

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
K. C. Tsou ◽  
J. Morris ◽  
P. Shawaluk ◽  
B. Stuck ◽  
E. Beatrice
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Laser Effect

While much is known regarding the effect of lasers on the retina, little study has been done on the effect of lasers on cornea, because of the limitation of the size of the material. Using a combination of electron microscope and several newly developed cytochemical methods, the effect of laser can now be studied on eye for the purpose of correlating functional and morphological damage. The present paper illustrates such study with CO2 laser on Rhesus monkey.

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