Response of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Citrullus colocynthis L. (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) chemical constituents: Larval tolerance, food utilization and detoxifying enzyme activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athirstam Ponsankar ◽  
Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan ◽  
Annamalai Thanigaivel ◽  
Edward-Sam Edwin ◽  
Selvaraj Selin-Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Detoxifying Enzyme ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Accumulation and excretion of zinc and their effects on growth and food utilization of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 110883
Author(s):  
Pan Jin ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Huiru Zhan ◽  
Shimin Huang ◽  
Jianwu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler, S.A. Rehner and Humber isolates against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and their extracellular enzymatic activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmehar Kaur Grewal ◽  
Neelam Joshi ◽  
Yadhu Suneja
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Extracellular Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious agricultural pest that infests many commercially important crops of Southeast Asian countries. Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides has led to various health hazards as well as insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) provide an important alternative as biological control agents. Metarhizium rileyi is an EPF with a specific host range for lepidopteran pests. The present study aimed to identify virulent M. rileyi isolate against S. litura larvae and analyse their extracellular cuticle-degrading enzyme activities. Results Three M. rileyi isolates viz M. rileyi NIPHM, M. rileyi MTCC 4254 and M. rileyi MTCC 10395 formulations were evaluated at different concentrations against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. A maximum percent mortality of 63.33% was recorded in M. rileyi NIPHM (12 g/l), followed by M. rileyi MTCC 4254 (58.33%) at the same concentration, 10 days post-treatment. Maximum means of chitinase, protease and lipase activities (0.44, 1.58 and 2.95 U/ml, respectively) were recorded in the case of M. rileyi NIPHM. Correlation analysis was positive between enzyme activity and larval mortality. Conclusions Metarhizium rileyi NIPHM recorded the highest enzymatic activity and exhibited the maximum mortality rate against 2nd instar larvae of S. litura, suggesting the possible role of these enzymes in the pathogenicity of the fungus. Further knowledge in this regard may help in the development of enzyme-based screening methods for selecting virulent fungal isolates for the eco-friendly management of crop pests.

Effects of the sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (22) ◽  
pp. 3935-3942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Eun Jeong ◽  
Yun Lee ◽  
Jeong Hee Hwang ◽  
Douglas C. Knipple
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Helicoverpa Assulta ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

SUMMARY We investigated the effects of sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta. We found that continuous feeding of oleander sap during the larval period significantly affects fertility in males but not in females. This effect was also induced by direct injection of oleander sap into the hemocoel of 2-day-old pupae. Histological analyses of developing testes following oleander injection revealed a developmental delay and progressively more severe morphological abnormalities in the later stages of development. The effects of oleander sap on spermatogenesis in H. assulta were associated with greatly reduced levels of the two major polyamines, spermidine and spermine, in testis compared with saline-injected controls. In contrast, levels of putrescine, which is a precursor of both spermidine and spermine, and the activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase, which are involved in the biosynthesis of putrescine, were initially elevated following oleander injection, but subsequently failed to undergo the induction that normally occurs during late pupal development. The effects of oleander sap on spermidine and spermine levels could be the result of direct inhibition by chemical constituents of the oleander sap of one of the enzymes used in common in the conversions of putrescine to spermidine and spermidine to spermine; alternatively, these effects on polyamine metabolism could be secondary to the disruption of a more fundamental process in the developmental program guiding spermatogenesis in H. assulta.

RESPONSE OF AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) LARVAE TO THREE XENOBIOTIC EXPOSURES: LARVAL TOLERANCE AND DETOXIFYING ENZYME ACTIVITIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Boyer ◽  
Jean-Philippe David ◽  
Delphine Rey ◽  
Guy Lemperiere ◽  
Patrick Ravanel
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Detoxifying Enzyme
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