Maternal obesity induced by a ‘cafeteria’ diet in the rat does not increase inflammation in maternal, placental or fetal tissues in late gestation

Placenta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael C. Crew ◽  
Brendan J. Waddell ◽  
Peter J. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Fetal Tissues

scholarly journals The impact of exposure to cafeteria diet during pregnancy or lactation on offspring growth and adiposity before weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace George ◽  
Sally A. V. Draycott ◽  
Ronan Muir ◽  
Bethan Clifford ◽  
Matthew J. Elmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Exposure to maternal obesity during early-life can have adverse consequences for offspring growth and adiposity. We aimed to assess the relative contributions of exposure to maternal obesity, induced by a highly varied cafeteria diet, during pregnancy and lactation on these measures in rat offspring prior to weaning. Female Wistar rats were fed either a control (C) or cafeteria diet (O) for 8 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were cross-fostered at birth to a dam on the same (CC,OO) or alternate diet prior to birth (CO,OC). Feeding a cafeteria diet based on 40 different foods, was associated with a sustained period of elevated energy intake before birth and during lactation (up to 1.7-fold), through increased sugar, total fat and saturated fat intake, and lower protein consumption. Cafeteria fed dams sustained greater weight than animals fed a control chow diet and greater perirenal adiposity by the end of lactation. Exposure to obesity during pregnancy was associated with lower offspring birth weight and body weight in early-postnatal life. In contrast, exposure during lactation alone reduced offspring weight but increased adiposity in male CO offspring before weaning. This research highlights that exposure to maternal obesity during lactation alone can programme adiposity in a sex specific manner.

Maternal Obesity (MO) and Nutritional Excess (NE) Decrease Pancreatic Beta-Cell Numbers and Function by Late Gestation.

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 493-493
Author(s):  
Liren Zhang ◽  
Sarah M Hein ◽  
Nathan M Long ◽  
Peter W Nathanielsz ◽  
Stephen P Ford
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Up-Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Is Associated with Enhanced Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance in Fetal Skeletal Muscle of Obese Sheep at Late Gestation

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yan ◽  
Mei J. Zhu ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jun F. Tong ◽  
Stephen P. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Fetal Muscle

Abstract Maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. We previously showed that maternal obesity induces an inflammatory response and enhances adipogenesis in fetal skeletal muscle at midgestation. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of maternal obesity on adipogenesis, inflammatory signaling, and insulin pathways at late gestation when ovine fetal skeletal muscle matures. Nonpregnant ewes were assigned to a control diet (Con, fed 100% of National Research Council nutrient recommendations, n = 6) or obesogenic diet (OB, fed 150% of National Research Council recommendations, n = 6) from 60 d before to 135 d after conception (term 148 d) when the fetal semitendenosus skeletal muscle was sampled. Expression of the adipogenic marker, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, was increased in OB compared with Con fetal semitendenosus muscle, indicating up-regulation of adipogenesis. More intramuscular adipocytes were observed in OB muscle. Phosphorylation of inhibitor-κB kinase-α/β and nuclear factor-κB RelA/p65 were both increased in OB fetal muscle, indicating activation of nuclear factor-κB pathway. Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and c-Jun (at Ser 63 and Ser 73) was also elevated. Toll-like receptor 4 expression was higher in OB than Con fetal muscle. Moreover, despite higher insulin concentrations in OB vs. Con fetal plasma (2.89 ± 0.53 vs. 1.06 ± 0.52 ng/ml; P < 0.05), phosphorylation of protein kinase B at Ser 473 was reduced, indicating insulin resistance. In conclusion, our data show maternal obesity-induced inflammatory signaling in late gestation fetal muscle, which correlates with increased im adipogenesis and insulin resistance, which may predispose offspring to later-life obesity and diabetes.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic alterations in fetuses of high fat diet-fed obese female rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshu Gupta ◽  
Malathi Srinivasan ◽  
Supaporn Thamadilok ◽  
Mulchand S Patel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Protein Levels

The offspring of high fat (HF) diet-fed rats display increased body weight during adulthood. However, it is not known whether the changes in appetite regulation in these animals occur in utero or postnatally. We investigated the effects of maternal obesity induced by a HF diet prior to and during pregnancy on leptin and insulin signaling and the expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides in term fetal hypothalami. The consumption of a HF diet prior to and during pregnancy resulted in obesity in HF female rats; additionally, HF female rats exhibited hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia which were exaggerated in late gestation compared with control female rats that were fed a standard rodent laboratory chow (LC). Term fetuses of HF female rats (FHF) also had significantly higher serum leptin and insulin levels compared with control fetuses (FLC) while there was no difference in average fetal weight between the two groups. FHF hypothalami showed elevated levels of mRNA and proteins for leptin long receptor and insulin receptor β-subunit. However, the protein levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 and insulin receptor substrate-2, the downstream signaling components of leptin and insulin signaling respectively were decreased. Also, FHF hypothalami had increased mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related polypeptide indicating that orexigenic neuropeptides in HF progeny are already upregulated by term fetal stage. Additionally, the mRNA levels of pro-opiatemelanocortin and melanocortin receptor-4 were also increased in the HF fetal hypothalami. These findings indicate potential programming effects of an altered intrauterine environment induced by HF diet consumption on appetite-regulating neuropeptides and leptin and insulin signaling in the late fetal period.

Protective effect of Elateriospermum tapos in maternal obesity-induced deficit cognitive function of the offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azrina Zainal Abidin ◽  
Nurain Syahirah Rosli ◽  
Santhra Segaran ◽  
Azmiza Syawani Jasni ◽  
Hasnah Bahari
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Abstract Objectives Pre-pregnancy obesity is a serious epidemics concern that negatively affects the neurodevelopmental of the offspring. Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos) commonly used to enhance weight loss in obesity treatment. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of E. tapos supplement in obese maternal prior pregnancy on the offspring’s bodyweight, lipid metabolism and memory function. Methods Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were used. Six rats were assigned to the normal diet group (DND). The remaining rats were fed with a high-fat and cafeteria diet (HFCD) to generate obesity for 5 weeks. Obese rats were further divided into four groups: Negative Control (DNC; HFCD), Positive Control (DPC; Orlistat 200 mg/kg), treatment 1 (DTX1; E. tapos seed 200 mg/kg) and treatment 2 (DTX2, E. tapos shell 200 mg/kg) were given daily, for 6 weeks prior to mating. At weaning, offspring of both genders were designated into six groups according to their dam’s group (n=6/group). All groups were fed with a cafeteria diet except for the control group. Memory tasks for object and place recognition were conducted on offspring at eighth weeks of age. The offspring were cull at the 12th week of age for their blood sample. Results Both offspring genders from DTX2 significantly reduce bodyweight, calorie intake and triglyceride level. In memory tasks, offspring from DTX2 showed a significant increase in exploration rate in place test as compared to offspring from the DNC group. Conclusions This study highlights E. tapos shell as an anti-obesity agent and protecting memory deficit in obese dam’s offspring.

scholarly journals Maternal diet-induced obesity during pregnancy alters lipid supply to mouse E18.5 fetuses and changes the cardiac tissue lipidome in a sex-dependent manner

eLife ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas C Pantaleao ◽  
Isabella Inzani ◽  
Samuel Furse ◽  
Elena Loche ◽  
Antonia Hufnagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Early Expression ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Maternal obesity during pregnancy has immediate and long-term detrimental effects on the offspring heart. In this study, we characterized the cardiac and circulatory lipid profiles in late gestation E18.5 fetuses of diet-induced obese pregnant mice and established the changes in lipid abundance and fetal cardiac transcriptomics. We used untargeted and targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics to define changes in the serum and cardiac lipid composition and fatty acid metabolism in male and female fetuses. From these analyses we observed: (1) maternal obesity affects the maternal and fetal serum lipidome distinctly; (2) female fetal heart lipidomes are more sensitive to maternal obesity than males; (3) changes in lipid supply might contribute to early expression of lipolytic genes in mouse hearts exposed to maternal obesity. These results highlight the existence of sexually dimorphic responses of the fetal heart to the same in utero obesogenic environment and identify lipids species that might mediate programming of cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Adiponectin Expression in Human Fetal Tissues during Mid- and Late Gestation

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2397-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Corbetta ◽  
G. Bulfamante ◽  
D. Cortelazzi ◽  
V. Barresi ◽  
I. Cetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Arterial Walls ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues

Abstract Adiponectin (ApN), an adipocytokine expressed in adipocytes with antidiabetic and antiatherogenic actions, has been detected in cord blood, suggesting a putative role in intrauterine fetal development. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of ApN in the fetal circulation and directly investigate ApN expression in fetal tissues. The study showed high ApN levels in umbilical venous blood from fetuses [n = 44; 31.2 ± 14.1 (sd) mg/liter in umbilical vs. 8.4 ± 4.0 in maternal circulation (P < 0.0001)] that positively correlated with gestational age. By using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, ApN was detected in several fetal tissues at mid- and late gestation (from 14 to 36 wk) but not in the placenta. ApN was expressed in tissues of mesodermic origin, i.e. brown and white adipocytes, skeletal muscle fibers of diaphragm and iliopsoas, smooth muscle cells of small intestine and arterial walls, perineurium and renal capsule, and tissues of ectodermal origin, i.e. epidermis and ocular lens. The distribution of ApN expression in nonadipose tissues showed a general decline during the progression of gestation. The unexpected pattern of ApN expression in the human fetus may account for the high ApN levels in cord blood and predicts novel roles for ApN during fetal development.

scholarly journals Diet reduction to requirements in obese/overfed ewes from early gestation prevents glucose/insulin dysregulation and returns fetal adiposity and organ development to control levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (7) ◽  
pp. E868-E878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuermaimaiti Tuersunjiang ◽  
John F. Odhiambo ◽  
Nathan M. Long ◽  
Desiree R. Shasa ◽  
Peter W. Nathanielsz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
Insulin Dysregulation ◽  
Fetal Size

Obesity at conception and excess gestational weight gain pose significant risks for adverse health consequences in human offspring. This study evaluated the effects of reducing dietary intake of obese/overfed ewes beginning in early gestation on fetal development. Sixty days prior to conception, ewes were assigned to a control diet [CON: 100% of National Research Council (NRC) recommendations], a diet inducing maternal obesity (MO: 150% of NRC recommendations), or a maternal obesity intervention diet (MOI: 150% of NRC recommendations to day 28 of gestation, then 100% NRC) until necropsy at midgestation ( day 75) or late ( day 135) gestation. Fetal size and weight, as well as fetal organ weights, were greater ( P < 0.05) at midgestation in MO ewes than those of CON and MOI ewes. By late gestation, whereas fetal size and weight did not differ among dietary groups, cardiac ventricular weights and wall thicknesses as well as liver and perirenal fat weights remained elevated in fetuses from MO ewes compared with those from CON and MOI ewes. MO ewes and fetuses exhibited elevated ( P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, and cortisol at midgestation compared with CON and MOI ewes and fetuses. In late gestation, whereas plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, insulin, and cortisol remained elevated in MO vs. CON and MOI ewes and fetuses, glucose concentrations were elevated in both MO and MOI fetuses compared with CON fetuses, which was associated with elevated placental GLUT3 expression in both groups. These data are consistent with the concept that reducing maternal diet of obese/overfed ewes to requirements from early gestation can prevent subsequent alterations in fetal growth, adiposity, and glucose/insulin dynamics.

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