scholarly journals Adiponectin Expression in Human Fetal Tissues during Mid- and Late Gestation

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2397-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Corbetta ◽  
G. Bulfamante ◽  
D. Cortelazzi ◽  
V. Barresi ◽  
I. Cetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Arterial Walls ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues

Abstract Adiponectin (ApN), an adipocytokine expressed in adipocytes with antidiabetic and antiatherogenic actions, has been detected in cord blood, suggesting a putative role in intrauterine fetal development. The aim of this study was to confirm the presence of ApN in the fetal circulation and directly investigate ApN expression in fetal tissues. The study showed high ApN levels in umbilical venous blood from fetuses [n = 44; 31.2 ± 14.1 (sd) mg/liter in umbilical vs. 8.4 ± 4.0 in maternal circulation (P < 0.0001)] that positively correlated with gestational age. By using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, ApN was detected in several fetal tissues at mid- and late gestation (from 14 to 36 wk) but not in the placenta. ApN was expressed in tissues of mesodermic origin, i.e. brown and white adipocytes, skeletal muscle fibers of diaphragm and iliopsoas, smooth muscle cells of small intestine and arterial walls, perineurium and renal capsule, and tissues of ectodermal origin, i.e. epidermis and ocular lens. The distribution of ApN expression in nonadipose tissues showed a general decline during the progression of gestation. The unexpected pattern of ApN expression in the human fetus may account for the high ApN levels in cord blood and predicts novel roles for ApN during fetal development.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Alpha, Beta, and Gamma mRNA and Protein Expression in Human Fetal Tissues

PPAR Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara D. Abbott ◽  
Carmen R. Wood ◽  
Andrew M. Watkins ◽  
Kaberi P. Das ◽  
Christopher S. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
New Information ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues ◽  
Human Fetal Development

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate lipid and glucose homeostasis, are targets of pharmaceuticals, and are also activated by environmental contaminants. Almost nothing is known about expression of PPARs during human fetal development. This study examines expression of PPAR, , and mRNA and protein in human fetal tissues. With increasing fetal age, mRNA expression of PPAR and increased in liver, but PPAR decreased in heart and intestine, and PPAR decreased in adrenal. Adult and fetal mean expression of PPAR, , and mRNA did not differ in intestine, but expression was lower in fetal stomach and heart. PPAR and mRNA in kidney and spleen, and PPAR mRNA in lung and adrenal were lower in fetal versus adult. PPAR in liver and PPAR mRNA in thymus were higher in fetal versus adult. PPAR protein increased with fetal age in intestine and decreased in lung, kidney, and adrenal. PPAR protein in adrenal and PPAR in kidney decreased with fetal age. This study provides new information on expression of PPAR subtypes during human development and will be important in evaluating the potential for the developing human to respond to PPAR environmental or pharmaceutical agonists.

scholarly journals PSII-34 Placental GLUT3 (SLC2A3) RNA interference: Impact on fetal growth at mid-gestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 378-378
Author(s):  
Cameron Lynch ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Victoria Kennedy ◽  
Amelia R Tanner ◽  
Quinton A Winger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tibia Length

Abstract Glucose is the predominant energy substrate for fetal oxidative processes and growth, and is taken up by the placenta and transported to the fetus by the facilitative transporters GLUT1 (SLC2A1) and GLUT3 (SLC2A3). SLC2A1 is the most abundant placental transporter, and as such is believed to be the primary glucose transporter in human and sheep placenta. However, SLC2A3 exhibits a six-fold greater glucose transport capacity, and in sheep, SLC2A3 is localized to the apical trophoblast membrane, whereas SLC2A1 is predominantly localized to the basolateral membrane, indicating that both may be required for optimal fetal development. It was our objective to use placenta-specific RNA interference (RNAi) to diminish SLC2A3, and determine the impact at mid-gestation (75 dGA) in sheep. Single hatched blastocysts were harvested and the trophectoderm was infected with lentiviral constructs expressing either a scramble control (SC) or SLC2A3-specific (GLUT3-RNAi) short-hairpin RNA, and then surgically transferred into a synchronized recipient. The resulting pregnancies underwent ultrasound Doppler velocimetry and fetal measurements at 70 dGA, and a terminal surgery at 75 dGA for collection of uterine and umbilical arterial and venous blood, fetal and placental measurements and tissue samples. Due to a lack of fetal sex x treatment interactions, statistical comparisons between SC (n = 6) and GLUT3-RNAi (n = 6) pregnancies were made by Student’s T-test. At 70 dGA, while umbilical artery velocimetry was not impacted, biparietal diameter (P ≤ 0.10), femur length and tibia length (P ≤ 0.05) were reduced in GLUT3-RNAi pregnancies. These results were confirmed at 75 dGA surgery, as GLUT3-RNAi fetuses had reduced fetal weight (P ≤ 0.10), head circumference (P ≤ 0.05), femur length (P ≤ 0.05), and tibia length (P ≤ 0.05). While it has been suggested that GLUT3 is predominantly important in late gestation, these preliminary data indicate that GLUT3 is important for normal fetal development during the first-half of gestation as well. Supported by NIH grant HD094952.

scholarly journals Ascorbic acid concentration of human fetal tissues in relation to fetal size and gestational age

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Zalani ◽  
R. Rajalakshmi ◽  
L. J. Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues ◽  
The Brain

1. Studies were carried out on the distribution of ascorbic acid in human fetal tissues with the progress of gestation.2. Fetuses and stillborn babies varying in gestational age from 12 to 38 weeks were obtained from various Baroda hospitals. Ascorbic acid levels were determined in selected tissues: brain, adrenal, liver, kidney, lung, heart and placenta.3. Ascorbic acid concentration in the brain was higher than that in the adrenal at all gestational ages, suggesting the importance of this vitamin in brain development. The concentrations of this vitamin in liver, kidney, lung and placenta were comparable, but that in the heart tended to be lower. In all the tissues, there was a fall in ascorbic acid during late gestation. However, the levels in tissues of stillborn babies were higher than those reported for adults.

Isolation of Nuclear Fractions from Human Fetal Tissues

Pharmacology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Pacifici ◽  
H. Glaumann ◽  
A. Rane°
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues

scholarly journals Associations of circulating folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations in early pregnancy and cord blood with epigenetic gestational age: the Generation R Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulietta S. Monasso ◽  
Leanne K. Küpers ◽  
Vincent W. V. Jaddoe ◽  
Sandra G. Heil ◽  
Janine F. Felix
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Pregnancy Dating

Abstract Background Circulating folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations during fetal development have been associated with health outcomes in childhood. Changes in fetal DNA methylation may be an underlying mechanism. This may be reflected in altered epigenetic aging of the fetus, as compared to chronological aging. The difference between gestational age derived in clinical practice and gestational age predicted from neonatal DNA methylation data is referred to as gestational age acceleration. Differences in circulating folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations during fetal development may be associated with gestational age acceleration. Results Up to 1346 newborns participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study, had both cord blood DNA methylation data available and information on plasma folate, serum total and active B12 and plasma homocysteine concentrations, measured in early pregnancy and/or in cord blood. A subgroup of 380 newborns had mothers with optimal pregnancy dating based on a regular menstrual cycle and a known date of last menstrual period. For comparison, gestational age acceleration was calculated based the method of both Bohlin and Knight. In the total study population, which was more similar to Bohlin’s training population, one standard deviation score (SDS) higher maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations was nominally associated with positive gestational age acceleration [0.07 weeks, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02, 0.13] by Bohlin’s method. In the subgroup with pregnancy dating based on last menstrual period, the method that was also used in Knight’s training population, one SDS higher cord serum total and active B12 concentrations were nominally associated with negative gestational age acceleration [(− 0.16 weeks, 95% CI − 0.30, − 0.02) and (− 0.15 weeks, 95% CI − 0.29, − 0.01), respectively] by Knight’s method. Conclusions We found some evidence to support associations of higher maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations with positive gestational age acceleration, suggesting faster epigenetic than clinical gestational aging. Cord serum vitamin B12 concentrations may be associated with negative gestational age acceleration, indicating slower epigenetic than clinical gestational aging. Future studies could examine whether altered fetal epigenetic aging underlies the associations of circulating homocysteine and vitamin B12 blood concentrations during fetal development with long-term health outcomes.

Effects of Maternal Nutrient Restriction During Gestation on LH Production in the Female Bovine Fetus

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Sterling H Fahey ◽  
Sarah West ◽  
John M Long ◽  
Carey Satterfield ◽  
Rodolfo C Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Individual Potential ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Gestational nutrient restriction causes epigenetic and phenotypic changes that affect multiple physiological processes in the offspring. Gonadotropes, the cells in the anterior pituitary that secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), are particularly sensitive to nutritional changes during fetal development. Our objective herein was to investigate the effects of gestational nutrient restriction on LH protein content and number of gonadotropes in the fetal bovine pituitary. We hypothesized that moderate nutrient restriction during mid to late gestation decreases pituitary LH production, which is associated with a reduced number of gonadotropes. Embryos were produced in vitro with X-bearing semen from a single sire then split to generate monozygotic twins. Each identical twin was transferred to a virgin dam yielding four sets of female twins. At gestational d 158, the dams were randomly assigned into two groups, one fed 100% NRC requirements (control) and the other fed 70% of NRC requirements (restricted) during the last trimester of gestation, ensuring each pair of twins had one twin in each group. At gestational d 265, the fetuses (n = 4/group) were euthanized by barbiturate overdose, and the pituitaries were collected. Western blots were performed using an ovine LH-specific antibody (Dr. A.F. Parlow, NIDDK). The total LH protein content in the pituitary tended to be decreased in the restricted fetuses compared to controls (P < 0.10). However, immunohistochemistry analysis of the pituitary did not reveal any significant changes in the total number of LH-positive cells (control = 460±23 cells/0.5 mm2; restricted = 496±45 cells/0.5 mm2, P = 0.58). In conclusion, while maternal nutrient restriction during gestation resulted in a trend of reduced LH content in the fetal pituitary, immunohistological findings suggest that these changes are likely related to the individual potential of each gonadotrope to produce LH, rather than alterations in cell differentiation during fetal development.

Maternal microchimerism in human fetal tissues

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 325.e1-325.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Jonsson ◽  
Mehmet Uzunel ◽  
Cecilia Götherström ◽  
Nikos Papadogiannakis ◽  
Magnus Westgren
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues

Immunohistochemical localization of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase in human fetal tissues.

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-236
Author(s):  
C R Parker ◽  
C N Falany ◽  
C R Stockard ◽  
A K Stankovic ◽  
W E Grizzle
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Human Fetal Tissues

Erythrocyte metabolism of umbilical cord blood and venous blood during delivery

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lewandowski ◽  
Wirgiliusz Duda ◽  
Zdzisława Fabjanowska ◽  
Wanda Leyko
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Erythrocyte Metabolism
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