Endosymbiotic heterocystous cyanobacteria synthesize different heterocyst glycolipids than free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
Tracy A. Villareal ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Anchelique Mets ◽  
Kathleen M. Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria

scholarly journals Biomarker evidence for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial blooms in a brackish surface layer in the Nile River plume during sapropel deposition

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Bale ◽  
Rick Hennekam ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Denise Dorhout ◽  
Gert-Jan Reichart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Primary Core ◽  
Sediment Layers

Abstract Sapropels are organic-rich sediment layers deposited in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during precession minima, resulting from an increase in export productivity and/or preservation. Increased freshwater delivery from the African continent resulted in stratification, causing deepwater anoxia, while nutrient input stimulated productivity, presumably at the deep chlorophyll maximum. Previous studies have suggested that during sapropel deposition, nitrogen fixation was widespread in the highly stratified surface waters, and that cyanobacteria symbiotic with diatoms (diatom-diazotroph associations, DDAs) were responsible. Here we analyzed sapropel S5 sediments for heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) from three locations in the eastern Mediterranean. HG biomarkers can differentiate between those heterocystous cyanobacteria that are free living (found predominately in freshwater or brackish environments) and those that are from DDAs (found in marine settings). In our primary core, from a location which would have been influenced by the Nile River outflow, we detected a HG with a pentose (C5) head group specific for DDAs. However, HGs with a hexose (C6) head group, specific to free-living cyanobacteria, were present in substantially (up to 60×) higher concentration. These data suggest that at our study location, free-living cyanobacteria were the dominant diazotrophs, rather than DDAs. The C6 HGs increased substantially at the onset of sapropel S5 deposition, suggesting that substantial seasonal cyanobacterial blooms were associated with a brackish surface layer flowing from the Nile into the eastern Mediterranean. Two additional S5 sapropels were analyzed, one also from the Nile delta region and one from the region between Libya and southwestern Crete. Overall, comparison of the HG distribution in the three S5 sapropels provides evidence that all three locations were initially influenced by surface salinities that were sufficiently low to support free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria. While free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria continued to outnumber DDAs during sapropel deposition at the two Nile-influenced sites, DDAs, indicators of persistent marine salinities, were the dominant diazotrophs in the upper part of the sapropel at the more westerly site. These results indicate that N2 fixation by free-living cyanobacteria offers an important additional mechanism to stimulate productivity in regions with strong river discharge during sapropel deposition.

scholarly journals Lars Hällbom; Nitrogenase regulation and ultrastructure of heterocystous cyanobacteria; free living and in lichen symbiosis.

Rangifer ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sven Skjenneberg
Keyword(s):  
Font Size ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Nitrogenase Regulation ◽  
Lichen Symbiosis

<span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS,Arial Unicode MS; font-size: xx-small;"><p align="justify">Doktoravhandling forsvart i Botanisk auditorium, Uppsala Universitet 19. mai 1982. (Inst. for fysiologisk botanik, Uppsala Universitet).</p></span></span>

scholarly journals Free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria in the tropical marginal seas of the western North Pacific

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sing-How Tuo ◽  
Yuh-Ling Lee Chen ◽  
Houng-Yung Chen ◽  
Tien-Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Marginal Seas

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

Lead and lead toxicity in domestic and free living birds

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. De Francisco ◽  
N. De Francisco ◽  
N. De Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Free Living

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

Study of the Significance of Free Living Protozoan From Mumbai Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
DR. Umakant Pandharinath Kamble ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Living
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