Nonequilibrium physics: From complex fluids to biological systems. II. Systems with nematic order

2007 ◽  
Vol 448 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J CASADEMUNT
Keyword(s):  
Complex Fluids ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Nematic Order ◽  
Nonequilibrium Physics

The Conformation of Flexible Membranes

1991 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Lipowsky ◽  
Joanna Cook-RÖder
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Complex Fluids ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Conformational Behavior ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Recent Theoretical Work ◽  
Flexible Membranes

AbstractMembranes such as lipid bilayers are highly flexible surfaces which determine the architecture of biological systems and provide a basic structural element for the mesophases of complex fluids1. Two aspects of their conformational behavior will be considered. First, the morphology of vesicles and membranes is briefly reviewed. Then, recent theoretical work on adhesion (or cohesion) phenomena which involve whole bunches of membranes will be discussed.

scholarly journals Small But Powerful Optically: Glass Microcapillaries for Studying Complex Fluids or Biological Systems with Submicrolitre Samples under Harsh Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Kedi Zhou ◽  
Patrick Bouriat ◽  
Nelly Hobeika ◽  
Abdelhafid Touil ◽  
Anthony Ranchou-Peyruse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Fluids ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: A goal set by Russell Steere in 1957

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Severs
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Membrane Biology ◽  
Routine Application ◽  
The Future ◽  
Freeze Etching

In his pioneering demonstration of the potential of freeze-etching in biological systems, Russell Steere assessed the future promise and limitations of the technique with remarkable foresight. Item 2 in his list of inherent difficulties as they then stood stated “The chemical nature of the objects seen in the replica cannot be determined”. This defined a major goal for practitioners of freeze-fracture which, for more than a decade, seemed unattainable. It was not until the introduction of the label-fracture-etch technique in the early 1970s that the mould was broken, and not until the following decade that the full scope of modern freeze-fracture cytochemistry took shape. The culmination of these developments in the 1990s now equips the researcher with a set of effective techniques for routine application in cell and membrane biology.Freeze-fracture cytochemical techniques are all designed to provide information on the chemical nature of structural components revealed by freeze-fracture, but differ in how this is achieved, in precisely what type of information is obtained, and in which types of specimen can be studied.

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