Normal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysis

Physiotherapy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bohannon ◽  
A. Williams Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Walking

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an ankle–foot orthosis on walking in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Jin Choo ◽  
Min Cheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Stride Time ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Foot Orthosis

AbstractWe conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) use in improving gait biomechanical parameters such as walking speed, mobility, and kinematics in patients with stroke with gait disturbance. We searched the MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases and retrieved studies published until June 2021. Experimental and prospective studies were included that evaluated biomechanics or kinematic parameters with or without AFO in patients with stroke. We analyzed gait biomechanical parameters, including walking speed, mobility, balance, and kinematic variables, in studies involving patients with and without AFO use. The criteria of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions were used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies, and the level of evidence was evaluated using the Research Pyramid model. Funnel plot analysis and Egger’s test were performed to confirm publication bias. A total of 19 studies including 434 participants that reported on the immediate or short-term effectiveness of AFO use were included in the analysis. Significant improvements in walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.50; 95% CI 0.34–0.66; P < 0.00001; I2, 0%), cadence (SMD, 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.62; P < 0.0001; I2, 0%), step length (SMD, 0.41; 95% CI 0.18–0.63; P = 0.0003; I2, 2%), stride length (SMD, 0.43; 95% CI 0.15–0.71; P = 0.003; I2, 7%), Timed up-and-go test (SMD, − 0.30; 95% CI − 0.54 to − 0.07; P = 0.01; I2, 0%), functional ambulation category (FAC) score (SMD, 1.61; 95% CI 1.19–2.02; P < 0.00001; I2, 0%), ankle sagittal plane angle at initial contact (SMD, 0.66; 95% CI 0.34–0.98; P < 0.0001; I2, 0%), and knee sagittal plane angle at toe-off (SMD, 0.39; 95% CI 0.04–0.73; P = 0.03; I2, 46%) were observed when the patients wore AFOs. Stride time, body sway, and hip sagittal plane angle at toe-off were not significantly improved (p = 0.74, p = 0.07, p = 0.07, respectively). Among these results, the FAC score showed the most significant improvement, and stride time showed the lowest improvement. AFO improves walking speed, cadence, step length, and stride length, particularly in patients with stroke. AFO is considered beneficial in enhancing gait stability and ambulatory ability.

scholarly journals The CAT-CAM socket and quadrilateral socket: A comparison of energy cost during ambulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Gailey ◽  
D. Lawrence ◽  
C. Burditt ◽  
P. Spyropoulos ◽  
C. Newell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alignment Method ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Healthy Males

Twenty unilateral trans-femoral amputees fitted with either the Contoured Adducted Trochanteric-Controlled Alignment Method (CAT-CAM) socket (n=10) or the quadrilateral (QUAD) socket (n=10), and a “non-amputee” control group (n=10) participated in the study. Subjects meeting the following criteria were studied: healthy males between the ages of 18 and 55 years, amputation due to non-vascular pathology, an unaffected sound limb, at least six months use of the test prosthesis, and a minimal stump length of 15 cm. Subjects ambulated in two randomized trials separated by 20 minutes of rest at 2 assigned speeds: a pace reflecting normal walking speed (97 m/min=2.5 mph) or a slower speed (48.5 m/min=1.25 mph). Heart rate (HR) and Oxygen uptake (VO2) measured during steady state walking were analyzed via two-way ANOVA. Differences among means were further analyzed using Tukey post hoc and simple effects tests. Significant differences were observed between the control group and CAT-CAM subjects with respect to VO2 (p < 0.05) and HR (p < 0.01) at the slower speed. The control group and subjects using the QUAD socket also differed with respect to VO2 (p < 0.01) and HR (p < 0.01) at the slower pace. Faster pace required more energy expenditure (p < 0.01) and produced higher HR (p < 0.01) than slower speeds. At faster pace, a significantly higher energy expenditure in the QUAD than the CAT-CAM group was observed (p<0.01). It is concluded that ambulating at normal pace using the CAT-CAM socket design uses less energy than when using a QUAD socket design.

scholarly journals Exercise Guidelines for Gait Function in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 872-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Ni ◽  
Joseph B. Hazzard ◽  
Joseph F. Signorile ◽  
Corneliu Luca
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Superior Performance

This systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide comprehensive evidence-based exercise recommendations targeting walking function for adults with Parkinson’s disease. Methods. Fixed- or random-effect meta-analyses estimated standardized effect sizes (Hedge’s g), comparing treatment effects from exercise with nonexercise and another form of exercise (non-EXE control and EXE control). Cuing and exercise duration were used as moderators for subanalyses. Results. The 40 included randomized controlled trials comprised 1656 patients. The exercise group showed significantly superior performance in timed up-and-go ( g = −0.458; g = −0.390) compared with non-EXE control and EXE control; significantly greater improvement in comfortable walking speed ( g = 0.449), fast walking speed ( g = 0.430), and stride or step length ( g = 0.379) compared with non-EXE control; and significantly greater cadence ( g = 0.282) compared with EXE controls. No significant differences between intervention and control groups were observed for double-leg support time (DLST), dynamic gait index (DGI), 6-minute walk test, or freezing of gait questionnaire (FOG-Q). Notably, treatment effect from the exercise of interest compared with a standard exercise was greater than for nonexercise for cadence and FOG-Q. Moreover, EXE control was favored for DLST and DGI. Cuing had a significantly positive effect on stride length alone. Exercise duration significantly, but negatively, influenced the treatment effect on comfortable walking speed. Conclusion. Gait-specific training, rather than a general exercise program, should be emphasized if gait is the outcome of interest. Further investigation is needed on exercise dosage and its selective effect on more challenging walking tasks, endurance, and freezing of gait.

Vitamin D and walking speed in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Maturitas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 8-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedric Annweiler ◽  
Samir Henni ◽  
Stéphane Walrand ◽  
Manuel Montero-Odasso ◽  
Gustavo Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis

Pedestrians' Normal Walking Speed and Speed When Crossing a Street

2007 ◽  
Vol 2002 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Montufar ◽  
Jorge Arango ◽  
Michelle Porter ◽  
Satoru Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Normal Walking

scholarly journals Body-worn motion sensors detect balance and gait deficits in people with multiple sclerosis who have normal walking speed

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.I. Spain ◽  
R.J. St. George ◽  
A. Salarian ◽  
M. Mancini ◽  
J.M. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Normal Walking

scholarly journals Changes in the Determinism of the Gait Dynamics with the Intervention of a Robotic Walker

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4939
Author(s):  
Xianglong Wan ◽  
Yoji Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Recurrence Plot ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Normal Walking ◽  
Gait Dynamics ◽  
Local Scaling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Robotic Walker ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Anterior Posterior

(1) Robotic walkers have gradually been developed over the last decade, and their use has caused changes in gait. However, detailed gait analyses during robotic walker-assisted walking have not been performed. In this study, we aim to identify the changes in determinism of gait dynamics owing to the intervention of a robotic walker. (2) Eleven healthy subjects participated in walking experiments under normal walking, rollator-assisted walking, and robotic walker-assisted walking conditions. We analyzed the measured trunk acceleration to derive the gait parameters, local scaling exponent (LSE, from correlation sum), and percentage of determinism (%DET, from recurrence plot). (3) The walking speed during rollator-assisted walking was significantly lower than that during robotic walker-assisted walking. Changes in the shape of the LSE along the anterior–posterior direction revealed the influence of the robotic walker at an individual level. The changes in %DET along the anterior–posterior direction were also significantly different between normal walking and robotic walker-assisted walking. (4) The rollator decreased the walking speed in comparison to normal walking. The changed LSE and reduced %DET imply reduced deterministic patterns and disturbance to the gait dynamics. The robotic walker only affects the gait dynamics in the anterior–posterior direction. Furthermore, the burden on the subjects was reduced during robotic walker-assisted walking.

scholarly journals The effects of knee arthroplasty on walking speed: A meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Abbasi-Bafghi ◽  
Hamid R Fallah-Yakhdani ◽  
Onno G Meijer ◽  
Henrica CW de Vet ◽  
Sjoerd M Bruijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Meta Analysis
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