scholarly journals Obesity blunts cephalic-phase microvascular responses to food

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 113087
Author(s):  
Caroline Buss ◽  
Priscila A Maranhão ◽  
Maria das Graças C de Souza ◽  
Eliete Bouskela ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Cephalic Phase

scholarly journals Odor-active volatile compounds in preterm breastmilk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Muelbert ◽  
Laura Galante ◽  
Tanith Alexander ◽  
Jane E. Harding ◽  
Chris Pook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
List Type ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Cephalic Phase

Abstract Background Volatile compounds in breastmilk (BM) likely influence flavor learning and, through the cephalic phase response, metabolism, and digestion. Little is known about the volatile compounds present in preterm BM. We investigated whether maternal or infant characteristics are associated with the profile of volatile compounds in preterm BM. Methods Using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed volatile compounds in 400 BM samples collected from 170 mothers of preterm infants. Results Forty volatile compounds were detected, mostly fatty acids and their esters (FA and FAe), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, terpenoids, alcohols, and ketones. The relative concentration of most FA and FAe increased with advancing lactation and were lower in BM of most socially deprived mothers and those with gestational diabetes (p < 0.05), but medium-chain FAs were higher in colostrum compared to transitional BM (p < 0.001). Infant sex, gestational age, and size at birth were not associated with the profile of volatile compounds in preterm BM. Conclusions Sensory-active volatile FA and FAe are the major contributors to the smell of preterm BM. The associations between lactation stage, maternal characteristics, and volatile compounds, and whether differences in volatile compounds may affect feeding behavior or metabolism, requires further research. Impact Sensory-active volatile FAs are major contributors to the smell of preterm BM and are influenced by the lactation stage and maternal characteristics. Longitudinal analysis of volatile compounds in preterm BM found that FAs increased with advancing lactation. Colostrum had a higher concentration of medium-chain FAs compared to transitional BM and the concentration of these is associated with socioeconomic status, gestational diabetes, and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Cephalic phase insulin secretion is KATP channel independent

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Seino ◽  
Takashi Miki ◽  
Wakako Fujimoto ◽  
Eun Young Lee ◽  
Yoshihisa Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Pancreas Perfusion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Atropine Methyl Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Injection

Glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells critically depends on the activity of ATP-sensitive K+channels (KATPchannel). We previously generated mice lackingKir6.2, the pore subunit of the β-cell KATPchannel (Kir6.2−/−), that show almost no insulin secretion in response to glucosein vitro. In this study, we compared insulin secretion by voluntary feeding (self-motivated, oral nutrient ingestion) and by forced feeding (intra-gastric nutrient injection via gavage) in wild-type (Kir6.2+/+) andKir6.2−/−mice. Underad libitumfeeding or during voluntary feeding of standard chow, blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels were similar inKir6.2+/+andKir6.2−/−mice. By voluntary feeding of carbohydrate alone, insulin secretion was induced significantly inKir6.2−/−mice but was markedly attenuated compared with that inKir6.2+/+mice. On forced feeding of standard chow or carbohydrate alone, the insulin secretory response was markedly impaired or completely absent inKir6.2−/−mice. Pretreatment with a muscarine receptor antagonist, atropine methyl nitrate, which does not cross the blood–brain barrier, almost completely blocked insulin secretion induced by voluntary feeding of standard chow or carbohydrate inKir6.2−/−mice. Substantial glucose-induced insulin secretion was induced in the pancreas perfusion study ofKir6.2−/−mice only in the presence of carbamylcholine. These results suggest that a KATPchannel-independent mechanism mediated by the vagal nerve plays a critical role in insulin secretion in response to nutrientsin vivo.

Neuroanatomical bases of cephalic phase reflexes

Appetite ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Powley ◽  
H.-R. Berthoud
Keyword(s):  
Cephalic Phase

scholarly journals The Roles of Dietary Glutamate in the Intestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tomé
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Gut Function ◽  
High Doses

Glutamate (Glu), either as one of the amino acids of protein or in free form, constitutes up to 8–10% of amino acid content in the human diet, with an intake of about 10–20 g/day in adults. In the intestine, postprandial luminal Glu concentrations can be of the order of mM and result in a high intra-mucosal Glu concentration. Glu absorbed from the intestinal lumen is for a large part metabolized by enterocytes in various pathways, including the production of energy to support intestinal motility and functions. Glu is the most important fuel for intestinal tissue, it is involved in gut protein metabolism and is the precursor of different important molecules produced within the intestinal mucosa (2-oxoglutarate, L-alanine, ornithine, arginine, proline, glutathione, γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA]). Studies in adult humans, pigs, piglets or preterm infants indicate that a large proportion of Glu is metabolized in the intestine, and that for the usual range of Glu dietary intake (bound Glu and free Glu including added Glu as a food additive in normal amounts up to 1 g/day), circulating Glu is tightly maintained at rather low concentrations. Systemic blood levels of Glu transiently rise when high doses monosodium glutamate (> 10–12 g), higher than normal human dietary consumption, are ingested and normalize within 2 h after the offset of consumption. Glu is also involved in oral and post oral nutrient chemosensing that involves gustatory nerves and both humoral and neural (vagal) gut-brain pathways with an impact on gut function and feeding behavior. Glu functions as a signaling molecule in the enteric nervous system and modulates neuroendocrine reflexes in the gastrointestinal tract. The oral taste sensation of Glu involves its binding to the oral umami taste receptors that triggers the cephalic phase response of digestion to prepare for food digestion. Glu is sensed again in the gut, inducing a visceral sensation that enhances additional gut digestive processes through the visceral sense (vago-vagal reflex).

scholarly journals The cephalic phase insulin response to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaapna Dhillon ◽  
Janice Y. Lee ◽  
Richard D. Mattes
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Response ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Cephalic Phase

scholarly journals Cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion in man.

Gut ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Sarles ◽  
R Dani ◽  
G Prezelin ◽  
C Souville ◽  
C Figarella
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Secretion ◽  
Cephalic Phase

Deranged Secretion of Ghrelin and Obestatin in the Cephalic Phase of Vagal Stimulation in Women with Anorexia Nervosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiero Monteleone ◽  
Cristina Serritella ◽  
Vassilis Martiadis ◽  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Cephalic Phase

Caffeine in hot drinks elicits cephalic phase responses involving cardiac activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K McMullen ◽  
Julie M Whitehouse ◽  
Gillian Shine ◽  
Peter A Whitton ◽  
Anthony Towell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Cephalic Phase
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