Nutrition, weight gain and eating behavior in pregnancy: A review of experimental evidence for long-term effects on the risk of obesity in offspring

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarbattama Sen ◽  
Arielle H. Carpenter ◽  
Jessica Hochstadt ◽  
Juli Y. Huddleston ◽  
Vladimir Kustanovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol during rat pregnancy leads to impaired cardiac dysfunction in postnatal life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendrick Lee ◽  
Steven R. Laviolette ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Remodelling ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
Impaired Cardiac Function ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Cannabis use in pregnancy leads to fetal growth restriction (FGR), but the long-term effects on cardiac function in the offspring are unknown, despite the fact that fetal growth deficits are associated with an increased risk of developing postnatal cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that maternal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) during pregnancy will impair fetal development, leading to cardiac dysfunction in the offspring. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly selected and administered 3 mg/kg of Δ9-THC or saline as a vehicle daily via intraperitoneal injection from gestational days 6 to 22, followed by echocardiogram analysis of cardiac function on offspring at postnatal days 1 and 21. Heart tissue was harvested from the offspring at 3 weeks for molecular analysis of cardiac remodelling. Results Exposure to Δ9-THC during pregnancy led to FGR with a significant decrease in heart-to-body weight ratios at birth. By 3 weeks, pups exhibited catch-up growth associated with significantly greater left ventricle anterior wall thickness with a decrease in cardiac output. Moreover, these Δ9-THC-exposed offsprings exhibited increased expression of collagen I and III, decreased matrix metallopeptidase-2 expression, and increased inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, all associated with cardiac remodelling. Conclusions Collectively, these data suggest that Δ9-THC-exposed FGR offspring undergo postnatal catch-up growth concomitant with cardiac remodelling and impaired cardiac function early in life. Impact To date, the long-term effects of perinatal Δ9-THC (the main psychoactive component) exposure on the cardiac function in the offspring remain unknown. We demonstrated, for the first time, that exposure to Δ9-THC alone during rat pregnancy results in significantly smaller hearts relative to body weight. These Δ9-THC-exposed offsprings exhibited postnatal catch-up growth concomitant with cardiac remodelling and impaired cardiac function. Given the increased popularity of cannabis use in pregnancy along with rising Δ9-THC concentrations, this study, for the first time, identifies the risk of perinatal Δ9-THC exposure on early postnatal cardiovascular health.

Fetal Anomalies and Long-Term Effects Associated with Substance Abuse in Pregnancy: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (05) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleazar Soto ◽  
Ray Bahado-Singh ◽  
Carl Christensen ◽  
Suneet Chauhan ◽  
Baha Sibai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Experimental evidence of the long‐term effects of reindeer on Arctic vegetation greenness and species richness at a larger landscape scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 2724-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja K. Sundqvist ◽  
Jon Moen ◽  
Robert G. Björk ◽  
Tage Vowles ◽  
Minna‐Maarit Kytöviita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vegetation Greenness ◽  
Arctic Vegetation

scholarly journals Effect of iron supplementation during pregnancy on the behaviour of children at early school age: long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie G. Parsons ◽  
Shao J. Zhou ◽  
Nicola J. Spurrier ◽  
Maria Makrides
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Child Behaviour ◽  
School Age ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early School ◽  
Early School Age ◽  
In Pregnancy

Although routine Fe supplementation in pregnancy is a common practice, its clinical benefits or risks are uncertain. Children born to mothers in the Fe group in a trial of Fe supplementation in pregnancy have been found to have a significantly higher risk of abnormal behaviour at 4 years of age than those born to mothers in the placebo group. The objective of the present study therefore was to determine whether Fe supplementation in pregnancy influences child behaviour at early school age. The study was a follow-up of children at 6–8 years of age after women (n 430) were randomly allocated to receive a daily Fe supplement (20 mg) or placebo from 20 weeks gestation until delivery. The supplement reduced the incidence of Fe-deficiency anaemia at delivery from 9 % to 1 %. Child behaviour and temperament were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Short Temperament Scale for Children. Of the children, 264 (61 %) participated in the follow-up. Mean behaviour and temperament scores and the proportion of parent-rated and teacher-rated abnormal total difficulties scores did not differ between the Fe and placebo groups. However, the incidence of children with an abnormal teacher-rated peer problems subscale score was higher in the Fe group (eleven of 112 subjects; 8 %) than in the placebo group (three of 113 subjects; 2 %); the relative risk was 3·70 (95 % CI 1·06, 12·91; P = 0·026). We conclude that prenatal Fe supplementation had no consistent effect on child behaviour at early school age in this study population. Further investigation regarding the long-term effects of this common practice is warranted.

scholarly journals Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline L. J. Karlsson ◽  
Göran Molin ◽  
Frida Fåk ◽  
Marie-Louise Johansson Hagslätt ◽  
Maja Jakesevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy-dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichiacoli (Ec), on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother's dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, dietary regimens started with the dams at pregnancy and throughout lactation and continued with the offspring for 6 months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than that of groups C (control) and Ec (P = 0·086). More retroperitoneal adipose tissue (P = 0·030) and higher plasma leptin (P = 0·035) were observed in group Ec compared with group Lp. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in group Ec than in group Lp (P = 0·019), and when all animals were compared, Enterobacteriaceae correlated positively with body weight (r 0·428, P = 0·029). Bacterial diversity was lower in group Ec than in groups C (P ≤ 0·05) and Lp (P ≤ 0·05). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated in all groups, but Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in group C than in groups Lp (P = 0·036) and Ec (P = 0·056). The same five bacterial families dominated the microbiota of groups Ec and C, and four of these were also present in group Lp. The other five families dominating in group Lp were not found in any of the other groups. Multivariate data analysis pointed in the same directions as the univariate statistics. The present results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum or E. coli can have long-term effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as on weight gain and fattening.

Early nutritional changes induce sexually dimorphic long-term effects on body weight gain and the response to sucrose intake in adult rats

Metabolism ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Fuente-Martín ◽  
Miriam Granado ◽  
Cristina García-Cáceres ◽  
Miguel A. Sanchez-Garrido ◽  
Laura M. Frago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Nutritional Changes
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