Olfactory discrimination and incentive value of non copulating and sexually sluggish male rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. De Gasperín-Estrada ◽  
F.J. Camacho ◽  
R.G. Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Discrimination ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Incentive Value

Effects of Food Deprivation upon Cue Utilization as Measured by Novelty-Incentive

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kermit T. Hoyenga ◽  
Katharine Blick Hoyenga
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Complex Stimulus ◽  
Latent Learning ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Complex Goal ◽  
Hunger Drive

A series of three experiments was done to test the hypothesis that high levels of food deprivation would adversely affect cue utilization from a complex stimulus goal as tested by its novelty-incentive value when that goal was later opposed to food for hungry subjects in a T-maze. It was found that the hunger drive level under which the male rats had originally experienced the complex stimulus goal determined its later incentive value, whether the original experience was in a latent learning type II situation (Experiment I, 20 subjects), a drive-shift situation (Experiment II, 40 subjects), or a free exploration situation (Experiment III, 30 subjects). In each experiment, having first experienced the complex goal under low levels of deprivation significantly decreased the frequency of choices of that goal in a later test relative to the performance of the more deprived animals. The data was interpreted as indicating that utilization of cues, in the sense of input and possibly retention of information, was hindered by the higher levels of deprivation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of a cortico-thalamic circuit attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in “relapse prone” male rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N. Kuhn ◽  
Paolo Campus ◽  
Marin S. Klumpner ◽  
Stephen E. Chang ◽  
Amanda G. Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Drug Cues ◽  
Cortical Input ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Seeking Behavior

AbstractRelapse often occurs when individuals are exposed to stimuli or cues previously associated with the drug-taking experience. The ability of drug cues to trigger relapse is believed to be a consequence of incentive salience attribution, a process by which the incentive value of reward is transferred to the reward-paired cue. Sign-tracker (ST) rats that attribute enhanced incentive value to reward cues are more prone to relapse compared to goal-tracker (GT) rats that primarily attribute predictive value to such cues. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this individual variation in relapse propensity remains largely unexplored. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) has been identified as a critical node in the regulation of cue-elicited behaviors in STs and GTs, including cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Here we used a chemogenetic approach to assess whether “top-down” cortical input from the prelimbic cortex (PrL) to the PVT plays a role in mediating individual differences in relapse propensity. Chemogenetic inhibition of the PrL-PVT pathway selectively decreased cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in STs, without affecting behavior in GTs. In contrast, cocaine-primed drug-seeking behavior was not affected in either phenotype. Furthermore, when rats were characterized based on a different behavioral phenotype – locomotor response to novelty – inhibition of the PrL-PVT pathway had no effect on either cue- or drug-induced reinstatement. These results highlight an important role for the PrL-PVT pathway in vulnerability to relapse that is driven by individual differences in the propensity to attribute incentive salience to discrete reward cues.

scholarly journals Olfactory Discrimination in Adult Male Rats Undernourished during the Pre- and Neonatal Period

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitzi G. Carreon ◽  
Carmen Torrero ◽  
Mirelta Regalado ◽  
Lorena Rubio ◽  
Manuel Salas
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Olfactory Discrimination ◽  
Male Rats

Female ultrasonic vocalizations have no incentive value for male rats.

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelke M. S. Snoeren ◽  
Anders Ågmo
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Incentive Value

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acetylcholinesterase in the Arcuate Nucleus and Median Eminence of the Rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
K.A. Carson ◽  
C.B. Nemeroff ◽  
M.S. Rone ◽  
J.S. Kizer ◽  
J.S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
High Doses

Biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and more recently enzyme histo- chemical data have indicated that cholinergic circuits exist in the hypothalamus. Ultrastructural correlates of these pathways such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and stained terminals in the median eminence (ME) have yet to be described. Initial studies in our laboratories utilizing chemical lesioning and microdissection techniques coupled with microchemical and light microscopic enzyme histo- chemical studies suggested the existence of cholinergic neurons in the ARC which project to the ME (1). Furthermore, in adult male rats with Halasz deafferentations (hypothalamic islands composed primarily of the isolated ARC and the ME) choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity, a good marker for cholinergic neurons, was not significantly reduced in the ME and was only somewhat reduced in the ARC (2). Treatment of neonatal rats with high doses of monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG) results in a lesion largely restricted to the neurons of the ARC.

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