Calibrating floor field cellular automaton models for pedestrian dynamics by using likelihood function optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruggiero Lovreglio ◽  
Enrico Ronchi ◽  
Daniel Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Function Optimization ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Floor Field

Simulation study of crowd dynamics in pedestrian evacuation concerning panic contagion: A cellular automaton approach

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-ning Wang ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Jin-wei Chen ◽  
Kaifeng Deng ◽  
Ru-dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transmission Status

Abstract The study of the panic evacuation process is of great significance to emergency management. Panic not only causes negative emotions such as irritability and anxiety, but also affects the pedestrians decision-making process, thereby inducing the abnormal crowd behavior. Prompted by the epidemiological SIR model, an extended floor field cellular automaton model was proposed to investigate the pedestrian dynamics under the threat of hazard resulting from the panic contagion. In the model, the conception of panic transmission status (PTS) was put forward to describe pedestrians' behavior who could transmit panic emotions to others. The model also indicated the pedestrian movement was governed by the static and hazard threat floor field. Then rules that panic could influence decision-making process were set up based on the floor field theory. The simulation results show that the stronger the pedestrian panic, the more sensitive pedestrians are to hazards, and the less able to rationally find safe exits. However, when the crowd density is high, the panic contagion has a less impact on the evacuation process of pedestrians. It is also found that when the hazard position is closer to the exit, the panic will propagate for a longer time and have a greater impact on the evacuation. The results also suggest that as the extent of pedestrian's familiarity with the environment increases, pedestrians spend less time to escape from the room and are less sensitive to the hazard. In addition, it is essential to point out that, compared with the impact of panic contagion, the pedestrian's familiarity with environment has a more significant influence on the evacuation.

scholarly journals Concept of a Decision-Based Pedestrian Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Von Krüchten ◽  
Andreas Schadschneider
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Single File ◽  
Model Yield

We develop a decision-based model for pedestrian dynamics which is an extension of the Stochastic Headway Distance Velocity (SHDV) model for single-file motion to two dimensions. The model is discrete in time, but continuous in space. It combines perception, anticipation and decision-making with the simplicity and stochasticity that are characteristic for cellular automaton models. The basic concept is discussed and preliminary results show that the model yield realistic trajectories and fundamental diagrams.

A Comparison of Numerical Optimizers in Developing High Dimensional Surrogate Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Xu ◽  
Pingfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Surrogate Models ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
Function Optimization ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Gp Model

Abstract The Gaussian Process (GP) model has become one of the most popular methods to develop computationally efficient surrogate models in many engineering design applications, including simulation-based design optimization and uncertainty analysis. When more observations are used for high dimensional problems, estimating the best model parameters of Gaussian Process model is still an essential yet challenging task due to considerable computation cost. One of the most commonly used methods to estimate model parameters is Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). A common bottleneck arising in MLE is computing a log determinant and inverse over a large positive definite matrix. In this paper, a comparison of five commonly used gradient based and non-gradient based optimizers including Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), Quasi-Newton method, Interior Point method, Trust Region method and Pattern Line Search for likelihood function optimization of high dimension GP surrogate modeling problem is conducted. The comparison has been focused on the accuracy of estimation, the efficiency of computation and robustness of the method for different types of Kernel functions.

scholarly journals Research on the Effects of Heterogeneity on Pedestrian Dynamics in Walkway of Subway Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoling Wu ◽  
Zhenzhou Yuan ◽  
Huixuan Li ◽  
Junfang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Positive Effect

The major objective of this paper is to study the effects of heterogeneity on pedestrian dynamics in walkway of subway station. We analyze the observed data of the selected facility and find that walking speed and occupied space were varied in the population. In reality, pedestrians are heterogeneous individuals with different attributes. However, the research on how the heterogeneity affects the pedestrian dynamics in facilities of subway stations is insufficient. The improved floor field model is therefore presented to explore the effects of heterogeneity. Pedestrians are classified into pedestrians walking in pairs, fast pedestrians, and ordinary pedestrians. For convenience, they are denoted asP-pedestrians,F-pedestrians, andO-pedestrians, respectively. The proposed model is validated under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Three pedestrian compositions are simulated to analyze the effects of heterogeneity on pedestrian dynamics. The results show thatP-pedestrians have negative effect andF-pedestrians have positive effect. All of the results in this paper indicate that the capacity of walkway is not a constant value. It changes with different component proportions of heterogeneous pedestrians. The heterogeneity of pedestrian has an important influence on the pedestrian dynamics in the walkway of the subway station.

Behavior-based cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keke Huang ◽  
Xiaoping Zheng ◽  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Yeqing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Behavior Based

scholarly journals Friction effects and clogging in a cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar Kirchner ◽  
Katsuhiro Nishinari ◽  
Andreas Schadschneider
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Cellular Automaton Model ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics

PEDESTRIAN DYNAMICS IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL COMPLEX SCENARIO USING A LOCAL VIEW FLOOR FIELD MODEL

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (08) ◽  
pp. 775-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIA-BEI ZENG ◽  
BIAO LENG ◽  
ZHANG XIONG ◽  
ZHENG QIN
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Convex Polygon ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Global View ◽  
Local View ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Complex Scenario

In this paper, an extended FF model (floor field model) to simulate pedestrian dynamics in complex scenarios is proposed. Considering that pedestrians are unaware of the global view of traffic path, we introduce pedestrians' local views and propose a framework to change a pedestrian's static floor field each time they enter a new convex area. A pedestrian's view is limited to a convex polygon. When they travel from one convex area to another, they make decisions about the next goal according to the distances between them and the candidate goals, as well as densities of capacity and herding behaviors. Meanwhile, after making an initial decision about the next goal, a pedestrian can estimate the travel time to reach each visible goal and change their path adaptively within the convex area. Simulations in two scenarios are conducted and the results show that pedestrians under local views behave more practically than those under global views in complex scenarios. Parameter settings are also discussed along with suggestions that can be given to designers for improving traffic management.

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