Genetically unique microsporidian Encephalitozoon cuniculi strain type III isolated from squirrel monkeys

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokiko Asakura ◽  
Susumu Nakamura ◽  
Mariko Ohta ◽  
Yumi Une ◽  
Koji Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Strain Type

scholarly journals In utero transmission of Encephalitozoon cuniculi strain type I in rabbits

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. R. Baneux ◽  
F. Pognan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Type I ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Pregnant rabbits were serologically diagnosed as having been infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. At necropsy at 28 days of gestation, does, placentas and fetuses were found to be infected with E. cuniculi strain type I as evidenced by using the nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, thereby confirming vertical transplacental transmission.

scholarly journals Endocarditis caused by a group B Streptococcus strain, type III, in a nonencapsulated phase.

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 2471-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sellin ◽  
M Linderholm ◽  
M Norgren ◽  
S Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Group B

Qualitative and quantitative features of axons projecting from caudal to rostral inferior temporal cortex of squirrel monkeys

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Steele ◽  
R.E. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Areal Extent ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Terminal Arbor ◽  
Mean Width

AbstractOn the basis of cortical and subcortical connections and architectonics, inferior temporal (IT) cortex of squirrel monkeys consists of a caudal region, ITC, with dorsal (ITCd) and ventral (ITCv) subdivisions; a rostral region, ITR; and possibly a third region intermediate to ITC and ITR, IT1 (Weller & Steele, 1992; Steele & Weller, 1993). The present study qualitatively and quantitatively examined the terminal arborizations of 26 axons in ITR and IT1 labeled by injections of biocytin or, in one case, horseradish peroxidase, in ITCv. The majority of axons gave rise to a single terminal arbor, with a small number branching into two overlapping or nearby arbors. Presumptive terminal specializations consisted of rounded, bead-like swellings, most often located en passant. All axons terminated in layer 4 of cortex, and most had additional terminations in layers 3 and 5. The total extent of each axon's terminal arbor was 125–750 μm dorsoventrally (mean = 360.6 μm) and 150–725 μm anteroposteriorly (mean = 328.1 μm; all values uncorrected for shrinkage). In most axons, especially those with larger terminal fields, boutons were not uniformly distributed, but formed 2–4 clumps (mean = 2.2), with a mean width of 149 μm, separated by narrower regions of fewer boutons. Based on a cluster analysis of characteristics of the 26 axons, axons projecting from caudal (ITCv) to rostral (ITR or IT1) IT cortex of squirrel monkeys comprised three groups that we called Type I, Type II, and Type III. Type I axons, the smallest in areal extent of terminal arbor, terminated predominantly in dorsal ITR. Type III axons, largest in areal extent, and Type II axons, intermediate in areal extent, terminated in ventral ITR and throughout IT1. The three classes of axons may correspond to different types of visual information entering rostral IT cortex. The clumping of boutons suggests that individual axons terminate in limited patches within their terminal fields.

Identification and characterization of threeEncephalitozoon cuniculistrains

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Didier ◽  
C. R. Vossbrinck ◽  
M. D. Baker ◽  
L. B. Rogers ◽  
D. C. Bertucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Molecular Weight Range ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Strain Type

SUMMARYMicrosporidia are increasingly recognized as causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.Encephalitozoon cuniculiis probably the most studied mammalian microsporidian that infects insects and mammals, including man. In this study, 8E. cuniculiisolates were compared and were found to fall into 3 strains. Strain type I includes the rabbit type isolate, as well as isolates from an additional rabbit, a dwarf rabbit, and a mouse. Strain type II includes 2 murine isolates and strain type III includes 2 isolates obtained from domestic dogs. By SDS-PAGE, the 3 strains differ primarily in the molecular weight range of 54–59 kDa where strain type I displays an apparent broad singlet at 57 kDa, strain type II displays an apparent doublet at 54 and 58 kDa, and strain type III displays an apparent broad band at 59 kDa. Antigenic differences were detected in the molecular weight regions of 54–58 kDa as well as 28–40 kDa by Western blot immunodetection using murine antisera raised againstE. cuniculi, Encephalitozoon hellem,and theEncephalitozoon-like Septata intestinalis.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products containing only small subunit rDNA sequences from the differentE. cuniculiisolates formed homoduplexes whereas PCR products containing intergenic rRNA gene sequences formed heteroduplexes in mobility shift analyses.FokI digestion of the PCR products containing the intergenic rRNA gene region resulted in unique restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and DNA sequencing demonstrated that in the intergenic spacer region, the sequence 5'-GTTT-3' was repeated 3 times in strain type I, twice in strain type II, and 4 times in strain type III. This study indicates that there exist at least 3E. cuniculistrains which may become important in the epidemiology of humanE. cuniculiinfections. Furthermore, as additionalE. cuniculiisolates are characterized, these strains will be named or reclassified once the criteria for taxonomy and phylogenetic tree construction for microsporidia become better defined.

Some Observations on Changes in Denervated Taste Buds of Circumvallate Papillae of Rabbits

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Sunao Fujimoto ◽  
Raymond G. Murray ◽  
Assia Murray
Keyword(s):  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Circumvallate Papillae ◽  
Taste Bud Cells ◽  
Light Cells

Taste bud cells in circumvallate papillae of rabbit have been classified into three groups: dark cells; light cells; and type III cells. Unilateral section of the 9th nerve distal to the petrosal ganglion was performed in 18 animals, and changes of each cell type in the denervated buds were observed from 6 hours to 10 days after the operation.Degeneration of nerves is evident at 12 hours (Fig. 1) and by 2 days, nerves are completely lacking in the buds. Invasion by leucocytes into the buds is remarkable from 6 to 12 hours but then decreases. Their extrusion through the pore is seen. Shrinkage and disturbance in arrangement of cells in the buds can be seen at 2 days. Degenerated buds consisting of a few irregular cells and remnants of degenerated cells are present at 4 days, but buds apparently normal except for the loss of nerve elements are still present at 6 days.

Methionine-Specific Staining of Collagen

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
E.M. Kuhn ◽  
K.D. Marenus ◽  
M. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Fibers composed of different types of collagen cannot be differentiated by conventional electron microscopic stains. We are developing staining procedures aimed at identifying collagen fibers of different types.Pt(Gly-L-Met)Cl binds specifically to sulfur-containing amino acids. Different collagens have methionine (met) residues at somewhat different positions. A good correspondence has been reported between known met positions and Pt(GLM) bands in rat Type I SLS (collagen aggregates in which molecules lie adjacent to each other in exact register). We have confirmed this relationship in Type III collagen SLS (Fig. 1).

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Rating Post-Operative Backs (Part I)

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Neurogenic Claudication ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Minor Strain ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Anterior Tibialis

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, uses the Injury Model to rate impairment in people who have experienced back injuries. Injured individuals who have not required surgery can be rated using differentiators. Challenges arise when assessing patients whose injuries have been treated surgically before the patient is rated for impairment. This article discusses five of the most common situations: 1) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has had an injury resulting in sciatica and who has been treated surgically, either with chemonucleolysis or with discectomy? 2) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has a back strain and is operated on without reasonable indications? 3) What is the impairment rating of an individual with sciatica and a foot drop (major anterior tibialis weakness) from L5 root damage? 4) What is the rating for an individual who is injured, has true radiculopathy, undergoes a discectomy, and is rated as Category III but later has another injury and, ultimately, a second disc operation? 5) What is the impairment rating for an older individual who was asymptomatic until a minor strain-type injury but subsequently has neurogenic claudication with severe surgical spinal stenosis on MRI/myelography? [Continued in the September/October 1997 The Guides Newsletter]

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