Limitations of lathosterol to plant sterol ratios and serum plant sterols as surrogate markers for cholesterol absorption during plant sterol supplementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e21 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. MacKay ◽  
P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Surrogate Markers

Metabolic and genetic factors modulating subject specific LDL-C responses to plant sterol therapy1This article is an invited review for the Journal's Made In Canada section. The authors gratefully acknowledge the training that was acquired at the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba. We would specifically like to thank Dr. Peter Jones for his mentorship and significant contribution to the research contained within this manuscript.

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd C. Rideout ◽  
Scott V. Harding ◽  
Dylan S. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption

Reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption with plant sterol consumption is a well-characterized strategy to lower LDL-C and potentially reduce cardiovascular disease risk. However, over 50 years of clinical research demonstrate that there is significant heterogeneity in the individual LDL-C lowering response to plant sterol therapy. A clear understanding of why plant sterols work effectively in some individuals but not in others will ensure optimal integration of plant sterols in future personalized nutritional lipid-lowering strategies. This review will examine the current knowledge base surrounding the metabolic and genetic determinants of LDL-C lowering in response to plant sterol consumption.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary cholesterol and plant sterol consumption on plasma lipid responsiveness and cholesterol trafficking in healthy individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. S. Alphonse ◽  
Vanu Ramprasath ◽  
Peter J. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cholesterol Trafficking ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Dietary Sterols

AbstractDietary cholesterol and plant sterols differentially modulate cholesterol kinetics and circulating cholesterol. Understanding how healthy individuals with their inherent variabilities in cholesterol trafficking respond to such dietary sterols will aid in improving strategies for effective cholesterol lowering and alleviation of CVD risk. The objectives of this study were to assess plasma lipid responsiveness to dietary cholesterolv. plant sterol consumption, and to determine the response in rates of cholesterol absorption and synthesis to each sterol using stable isotope approaches in healthy individuals. A randomised, double-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial (n49) with three treatment phases of 4-week duration were conducted in a Manitoba Hutterite population. During each phase, participants consumed one of the three treatments as a milkshake containing 600 mg/d dietary cholesterol, 2 g/d plant sterols or a control after breakfast meal. Plasma lipid profile was determined and cholesterol absorption and synthesis were measured by oral administration of [3, 4-13C] cholesterol and2H-labelled water, respectively. Dietary cholesterol consumption increased total (0·16 (sem0·06) mmol/l,P=0·0179) and HDL-cholesterol (0·08 (sem0·03) mmol/l,P=0·0216) concentrations with no changes in cholesterol absorption or synthesis. Plant sterol consumption failed to reduce LDL-cholesterol concentrations despite showing a reduction (6 %,P=0·0004) in cholesterol absorption. An over-compensatory reciprocal increase in cholesterol synthesis (36 %,P=0·0026) corresponding to a small reduction in absorption was observed with plant sterol consumption, possibly resulting in reduced LDL-cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant sterols. These data suggest that inter-individual variability in cholesterol trafficking mechanisms may profoundly impact plasma lipid responses to dietary sterols in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals A Newly Integrated Model for Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption and Efflux Infers How Plant Sterol Intake Reduces Circulating Cholesterol Levels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanari Nakano ◽  
Ikuo Inoue ◽  
Takayuki Murakoshi
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lower Plasma Cholesterol

Hypercholesterolemia accelerates atherosclerosis, and extensive research has been undertaken to ameliorate this abnormality. Plant sterols have been shown to inhibit cholesterol absorption and lower plasma cholesterol level since the 1950s. This ingredient has recently been reappraised as a food additive that can be taken daily in a preclinical period to prevent hypercholesterolemia, considering that cardiovascular-related diseases are the top cause of death globally even with clinical interventions. Intestinal cholesterol handling is still elusive, making it difficult to clarify the mechanism for plant sterol-mediated inhibition. Notably, although the small intestine absorbs cholesterol, it is also the organ that excretes it abundantly, via trans-intestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE). In this review, we show a model where the brush border membrane (BBM) of intestinal epithelial cells stands as the dividing ridge for cholesterol fluxes, making cholesterol absorption and TICE inversely correlated. With this model, we tried to explain the plant sterol-mediated inhibitory mechanism. As well as cholesterol, plant sterols diffuse into the BBM but are effluxed back to the lumen rapidly. We propose that repeated plant sterol shuttling between the BBM and lumen promotes cholesterol efflux, and plant sterol in the BBM may disturb the trafficking machineries that transport cholesterol to the cell interior.

scholarly journals Dietary Plant Sterols Alter the Serum Plant Sterol Concentration but Not the Cholesterol Precursor Sterol Concentrations in Young Children (The STRIP Study)

2001 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
pp. 1942-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Tammi ◽  
Tapani Rönnemaa ◽  
Liisa Valsta ◽  
Ritva Seppänen ◽  
Leena Rask-Nissilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Cholesterol Precursor

scholarly journals Plasma Plant Sterol Levels Do Not Reflect Cholesterol Absorption in Children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-561.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise S. Merkens ◽  
Julia M. Jordan ◽  
Jennifer A. Penfield ◽  
Dieter Lütjohann ◽  
William E. Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Opitz Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Plant

scholarly journals Bioaccessibility study of plant sterol-enriched fermented milks

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vaghini ◽  
Antonio Cilla ◽  
Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas ◽  
María Jesús Lagarda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion

The bioaccessibility (BA) of total and individual plant sterols (PS) of four commercial PS-enriched fermented milk beverages (designated as A to D) was evaluated using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion including the formation of mixed micelles.

DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION OF PLANT STEROLS IN THE DOG

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1493-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kuksis ◽  
T. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Differential Absorption ◽  
Single Meal

Eight adult female dogs (8 to 10 kg) with thoracic duct fistula were fed 5 to 10% solutions of mixed plant sterols in oleic acid, corn oil, or butter. The lymph, which flowed at a rate of 20 to 50 ml per hour, was drained for 18 to 26 hours. Each 2-hour collection was analyzed separately for cholesterol and plant sterols. Under comparable conditions and following a single meal containing plant sterol, about 35 mg of this sterol was transferred to lymph in 24 hours when corn oil was fed and 130 mg in the case of butterfat. At the time of maximum sterol absorption (8 to 12 hours after feeding) as much as 15% of the total lymph sterol was contributed by the plant sterols. Significant absorption of both β- and γ-sitosterol was observed, the γ-isomer being assimilated some 4 to 5 times as readily as the β-isomer. About 50% of the total lymph cholesterol was esterified. Essentially all of the absorbed plant sterol was free.

We-P14:471 Reduction of cholesterol absorption by dietary plant sterols and stanols in mice is independent from the ABCG5/ABCG8 transporter

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
J.K. Kruit ◽  
T. Plösch ◽  
V.W. Bloks ◽  
N.C.A. Huijkman ◽  
R. Havinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Plant Sterols
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