Detection of thermal neutrons in cylindrical ionization chamber filled with high-pressure Xe+3He gas mixture

2004 ◽  
Vol 522 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bolozdynya ◽  
A. Bolotnikov ◽  
J. Richards ◽  
A. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Cylindrical Ionization Chamber

High-pressure xenon cylindrical ionization chamber with a shielding mesh

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey E. Ulin ◽  
Valery V. Dmitrenko ◽  
V. M. Grachev ◽  
O. N. Kondakova ◽  
S. V. Krivov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cylindrical Ionization Chamber

Dual-anode high-pressure xenon cylindrical ionization chamber

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1262-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bolotnikov ◽  
A. Bolozdynya ◽  
R. DeVito ◽  
J. Richards
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cylindrical Ionization Chamber

scholarly journals Secondary gamma rays excited by the passage of neutrons through matter

1935 ◽  
Vol 150 (871) ◽  
pp. 637-668 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Beta Particle ◽  
Nuclear Excitation ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
Scattering Material ◽  
Pass Through

It is well known that the absorption of neutrons in their passage through matter is due to nuclear collisions, and not appreciably to interaction with extranuclear electrons. A collision of a neutron with a nucleus may result in the scattering of the neutron, or in the disintegration of the nucleus. The experiments of Feather and of Harkins, Gans, and Newson§ have shown that several light elements, C, N, O, F, Ne are disintegrated, the mechanism probably being absorption of the neutron and emission of an alpha particle. Fermi|| has reported that a variety of elements when bombarded by neutrons show the phenomenon of induced radioactivity, emitting beta rays. He suggests that the disintegration process takes place usually by absorption of a neutron and emission of an alpha particle or proton, the resulting nucleus being an unstable radio element, transforming into a stable body by emission of a beta particle. The experiments here to be described show that when neutrons pass through various substances, gamma rays are produced. The origin of this radiation has not definitely been established; nuclear excitation appears to be the most plausible explanation in most cases. 2—Experimental Method The general method consisted in measuring the ionization current produced by a Po + Be source (usually of about 10-15 millicuries) placed above a high pressure ionization chamber, and observing the increased ionization when a block of scattering material was placed immediately above the source. A correction was applied for the diminution of the natural effect caused by the scatterer. The increase in ionization amounted usually to 2-3%, and thus to obtain even a rough measurement of the effect, accurate measurements of the ionization currents were required. For this reason the high pressure ionization chamber was usually used in preference to the counter, since measurements to one part in a thousand are impracticable with the latter. The ionization method has, however, the disadvantage that both gamma rays and neutrons are detected. To distinguish between the two radiations, two similar ionization chambers were used, one containing argon at a pressure of 90 atmospheres, the other hydrogen at about 60 atmospheres. The former is more sensitive to gamma radiation, the latter to neutrons. The ionization chambers were of steel and had cylindrical walls 1 cm thick; the radiations entered through the roofs of the chambers, which were 2·5 cm thick. The inside dimensions were 16 cm high and 12 cm diameter, with a 2-cm diameter central electrode. Collecting potentials of 250-500 volts were used. Measurements were made by a balance method and followed standard practice. From the measurements of ionization currents in argon and hydrogen estimates may be made of the neutron ( n ) and gamma ray (γ) intensities separately. The method by which this is achieved is described in § 11.

High Pressure Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Separation from its Mixture with Nitrogen at Different Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rehab M. El-Maghraby ◽  
Mahmoud Ramzy ◽  
Ahmed K. Aboul-Gheit
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Separation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Supercritical Phase ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Set Up

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing from point sources is currently being proposed as a way to minimize CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is considered one of the greenhouse gases that affects our environment. Legislations are being enforced in many countries to limit CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Two methods are mostly used for CO2 capturing from flue gases and natural gases; the first method is absorption using amine-based solvents, while the second is membrane separation. The first method is effective for CO2 separation from gas mixtures with low CO2 concentration in the range of 10 to 20%, while the other can handle gas mixture with intermediate CO2 concentration but there is a limit on the CO2 purity. Hence, such methods cannot be used in pre-combustion and oxy fuel technologies where a more concentrated CO2 gas stream is produced. Throughout this work, a new method is introduced to separate carbon dioxide from its mixture with nitrogen (N2) at high concentrations, 90 mol.% CO2 and 10 mol.% N2 gas mixture. A customized high-pressure experimental set-up was built. Three temperature were tested: 15 °C, 25 °C and 38 °C at 150 bar. At such condition CO2 will be in the liquid and the supercritical phase respectively. The composition of the top and bottom streams where analyzed. The amount of CO2 in the top stream was the smallest at the supercritical condition. In addition, the purity of CO2 in the bottom stream was the highest at 38 °C and 150 bars, when CO2 is at the supercritical phase.

Method to optimize high-pressure, multicomponent gas mixing

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scacci
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Gas Mixing ◽  
Arbitrary Size ◽  
Multicomponent Gas ◽  
Pressure Storage ◽  
Multicomponent Gas Mixture

By use of the equations derived herein, a method is outlined to determine the optimum filing sequence and to obtain the maximum possible pressure when two or more pure high-pressure gases are to be transferred to a receiver cylinder in order to prepare a multicomponent gas mixture. The method is valid for any number of gas components, originating from high-pressure storage cyclinders of arbitrary size and pressure and for a receiver cylinder to contain initially one or more of the component gases. Percentage concentrations within 1% of desired are easily obtained with this method.

ON DIURNAL VARIATION IN COSMIC-RAY INTENSITY AT OTTAWA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-587
Author(s):  
S. D. Chatterjee ◽  
J. N. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Rigorous Statistical Analysis ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Barometric Coefficient

Cosmic-ray data from a high pressure integrating ionization chamber, obtained at Ottawa, for 129 complete days during September 1950 to July 1951 are subjected to rigorous statistical analysis. The barometric coefficient is −0.19% per mm. of Hg for the period covered by this analysis. The results also indicate a physically significant 24-hr. wave in cosmic-ray intensity, with an amplitude of 0.12% of the total intensity, having its maximum at about 10.40 a.m. local mean time. The existence of the semidiurnal wave, however, is not physically significant.

High-Pressure Ionization Chamber Filled with BF3 Operating as a Neutron Counter

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczyslaw Zielczynski ◽  
Natalia Golnik ◽  
Zdzislaw Rusinowski ◽  
Piotr Tulik
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Neutron Counter
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