Somatotopically arranged inputs from putamen and subthalamic nucleus to primary motor cortex

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Miyachi ◽  
Xiaofeng Lu ◽  
Michiko Imanishi ◽  
Kaori Sawada ◽  
Atsushi Nambu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex

scholarly journals Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons Are Synchronized to Primary Motor Cortex Local Field Potentials in Parkinson's Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 7220-7233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Shimamoto ◽  
E. S. Ryapolova-Webb ◽  
J. L. Ostrem ◽  
N. B. Galifianakis ◽  
K. J. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials

scholarly journals Coherence Between the Subthalamic Nucleus and the Primary Motor Cortex in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João de Castro ◽  
Edrin Vicente ◽  
Birajara Machado ◽  
Bankim Chander ◽  
Rubens Cury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex

scholarly journals Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Increases Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Nigrostriatal System and Primary Motor Cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Spieles-Engemann ◽  
Kathy Steece-Collier ◽  
Michael M. Behbehani ◽  
Timothy J. Collier ◽  
Susan L. Wohlgenant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Nigrostriatal System ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation

scholarly journals Modulation of motor cortex neuronal activity and motor behavior during subthalamic nucleus stimulation in the normal primate

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 2549-2554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke A. Johnson ◽  
Weidong Xu ◽  
Kenneth B. Baker ◽  
Jianyu Zhang ◽  
Jerrold L. Vitek
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation ◽  
Stn Dbs

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established surgical therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). An emerging hypothesis is that the therapeutic benefit of DBS is derived from direct modulation of primary motor cortex (M1), yet little is known about the influence of STN DBS on individual neurons in M1. We investigated the effect of STN DBS, delivered at discrete interval intensities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) of corticospinal tract threshold (CSTT), on motor performance and M1 neuronal activity in a naive nonhuman primate. Motor performance during a food reach and retrieval task improved during low-intensity stimulation (20% CSTT) but worsened as intensity approached the threshold for activation of corticospinal fibers (80% and 100% CSTT). To assess cortical effects of STN DBS, spontaneous, extracellular neuronal activity was collected from M1 neurons before, during, and after DBS at the same CSTT stimulus intensities. STN DBS significantly modulated the firing of a majority of M1 neurons; however, the direction of effect varied with stimulus intensity such that, at 20% CSTT, most neurons were suppressed, whereas at the highest stimulus intensities the majority of neurons were activated. At a population level, firing rates increased as stimulus intensity increased. These results show that STN DBS influences both motor performance and M1 neuronal activity systematically according to stimulus intensity. In addition, the unanticipated reduction in reach times suggests that STN DBS, at stimulus intensities lower than typically used for treatment of PD motor signs, can enhance normal motor performance.

scholarly journals Anterograde Tracing From the Göttingen Minipig Motor and Prefrontal Cortex Displays a Topographic Subthalamic and Striatal Axonal Termination Pattern Comparable to Previous Findings in Primates

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Bech Steinmüller ◽  
Carsten Reidies Bjarkam ◽  
Dariusz Orlowski ◽  
Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen ◽  
Andreas Nørgaard Glud
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Göttingen Minipig

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the dorsal subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a validated neurosurgical treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). To investigate the mechanism of action, including potential DBS induced neuroplasticity, we have previously used a minipig model of Parkinson’s Disease, although the basal ganglia circuitry was not elucidated in detail.Aim: To describe the cortical projections from the primary motor cortex (M1) to the basal ganglia and confirm the presence of a cortico-striatal pathway and a hyperdirect pathway to the subthalamic nucleus, respectively, which is known to exist in primates.Materials and Methods: Five female Göttingen minipigs were injected into the primary motor cortex (n = 4) and adjacent prefrontal cortex (n = 1) with the anterograde neuronal tracer, Biotinylated Dextran Amine (BDA). 4 weeks later the animals were sacrificed and the brains cryosectioned into 30 μm thick coronal sections for subsequent microscopic analysis.Results: The hyperdirect axonal connections from the primary motor cortex were seen to terminate in the dorsolateral STN, whereas the axonal projections from the prefrontal cortex terminated medially in the STN. Furthermore, striatal tracing from the motor cortex was especially prominent in the dorsolateral putamen and less so in the dorsolateral caudate nucleus. The prefrontal efferents were concentrated mainly in the caudate nucleus and to a smaller degree in the juxtacapsular dorsal putamen, but they were also found in the nucleus accumbens and ventral prefrontal cortex.Discussion: The organization of the Göttingen minipig basal ganglia circuitry is in accordance with previous descriptions in primates. The existence of a cortico-striatal and hyperdirect basal ganglia pathway in this non-primate, large animal model may accordingly permit further translational studies on STN-DBS induced neuroplasticity of major relevance for future DBS treatments.

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