GABA in pedunculo pontine tegmentum regulates spontaneous rapid eye movement sleep by acting on GABAA receptors in freely moving rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 365 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Pal ◽  
Birendra Nath Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Pontine Tegmentum ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals Regulation of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in the Freely Moving Rat: Local Microinjection of Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Adenosine into the Brainstem

SLEEP ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subimal Datta ◽  
Vijayakumar Mavanji ◽  
Elissa H. Patterson ◽  
Jagadish Ulloor
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Freely Moving

Progesterone induces changes in sleep comparable to those of agonistic GABAA receptor modulators

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. E763-E772 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lancel ◽  
J. Faulhaber ◽  
F. Holsboer ◽  
R. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites

There is much evidence that progesterone has hypnotic anesthetic properties. In this vehicle-controlled study, we examined the effects of three doses of progesterone (30, 90, and 180 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally at light onset on sleep in rats. Progesterone dose dependently shortened non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) latency, lengthened rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) latency, decreased the amount of wakefulness and REMS, and markedly increased pre-REMS, an intermediate state between NREMS and REMS. Progesterone also elicited dose-related changes in sleep state-specific electroencephalogram (EEG) power densities. Within NREMS, EEG activity was reduced in the lower frequencies (< or = 7 Hz) and was enhanced in the higher frequencies. Within REMS, EEG activity was markedly enhanced in the higher frequencies. The effects were maximal during the first postinjection hours. The concentrations of progesterone and the progesterone metabolites 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one, both positive allosteric modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors, were determined at different time intervals after vehicle and 30 or 90 mg/kg progesterone. Progesterone administration resulted in dose-dependent initially supraphysiological elevations of progesterone and its metabolites in the plasma and brain, which were most prominent during the first hour postinjection. The effects of progesterone on sleep closely resemble those of agonistic modulators of GABAA receptors such as benzodiazepines and correlate well with the increases in the levels of its GABAA agonistic metabolites. These observations suggest that the hypnotic effects of progesterone are mediated by the facilitating action of its neuroactive metabolites on GABAA receptor functioning.

scholarly journals Experimentally induced rhythmic jaw muscle activities during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in freely moving guinea pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken‐ichi Yamada ◽  
Makoto Higashiyama ◽  
Hiroki Toyoda ◽  
Yuji Masuda ◽  
Mikihiko Kogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Jaw Muscle ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Experimentally Induced
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