Role of alpha and beta adrenoceptors in locus coeruleus stimulation-induced reduction in rapid eye movement sleep in freely moving rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birendra N. Mallick ◽  
Sangeeta Singh ◽  
Dinesh Pal
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptors ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals Regulation of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in the Freely Moving Rat: Local Microinjection of Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Adenosine into the Brainstem

SLEEP ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subimal Datta ◽  
Vijayakumar Mavanji ◽  
Elissa H. Patterson ◽  
Jagadish Ulloor
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Freely Moving

GABAergic Neurons in the Dorsal–Intermediate Lateral Septum Regulate Sleep–Wakefulness and Anesthesia in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Qingchen Guo ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Su-Wan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Awake State ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia

Background The γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) inhibitory system in the brain is critical for regulation of sleep–wake and general anesthesia. The lateral septum contains mainly GABAergic neurons, being cytoarchitectonically divided into the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral parts. This study hypothesized that GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum participate in the control of wakefulness and promote recovery from anesthesia. Methods By employing fiber photometry, chemogenetic and optogenetic neuronal manipulations, anterograde tracing, in vivo electrophysiology, and electroencephalogram/electromyography recordings in adult male mice, the authors measured the role of lateral septum GABAergic neurons to the control of sleep–wake transition and anesthesia emergence and the corresponding neuron circuits in arousal and emergence control. Results The GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum exhibited high activities during the awake state by in vivo fiber photometry recordings (awake vs. non–rapid eye movement sleep: 3.3 ± 1.4% vs. –1.3 ± 1.2%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group; awake vs. anesthesia: 2.6 ± 1.2% vs. –1.3 ± 0.8%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group). Using chemogenetic stimulation of lateral septum GABAergic neurons resulted in a 100.5% increase in wakefulness and a 51.2% reduction in non–rapid eye movement sleep. Optogenetic activation of these GABAergic neurons promoted wakefulness from sleep (median [25th, 75th percentiles]: 153.0 [115.9, 179.7] s to 4.0 [3.4, 4.6] s, P = 0.009, n = 5 mice/group) and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia (514.4 ± 122.2 s vs. 226.5 ± 53.3 s, P < 0.001, n = 8 mice/group). Furthermore, the authors demonstrated that the lateral septum GABAergic neurons send 70.7% (228 of 323 cells) of monosynaptic projections to the ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons, preferentially inhibiting their activities and thus regulating wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia depth. Conclusions The results uncover a fundamental role of the lateral septum GABAergic neurons and their circuit in maintaining awake state and promoting general anesthesia emergence time. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

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