scholarly journals The CUE Domain of Cue1 Aligns Growing Ubiquitin Chains with Ubc7 for Rapid Elongation

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian von Delbrück ◽  
Andreas Kniss ◽  
Vladimir V. Rogov ◽  
Lukas Pluska ◽  
Katrin Bagola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Elongation ◽  
Cue Domain

Sabellaria Colonies at Duckpool, North Cornwall, 1971–1972, With a Note for May 1973

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Close Packing ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Rapid Elongation ◽  
Delayed Growth

The exceptionally heavy settlement of larvae in the autumn of 1970 made it imperative to continue the observations of the previous ten years. This two-year extension has yielded much new knowledge about the growth of Sabellaria colonies at Duckpool, and about other aspects of their life. It revealed that the more densely packed the young were the faster their colony grew, provided conditions were favourable. In unfavourable circumstances close packing of young delayed growth. The rapid elongation of young tubes surrounding older tubes sometimes resulted in holes and fissures forming when the older worms failed to maintain all-round contact with surrounding young as the surface area of a colony increased. Such holes and fissures gave a false appearance of physical damage, and in colonies where they formed weakened the whole structure, becoming a factor in its ultimate destruction by wave action. Such fast-growing colonies have shorter lives than others growing more slowly and remaining more compact.

scholarly journals Multiple morphogens and rapid elongation promote segmental patterning during development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. e1009077
Author(s):  
Yuchi Qiu ◽  
Lianna Fung ◽  
Thomas F. Schilling ◽  
Qing Nie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Gene Regulatory Networks ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Rapid Elongation

The vertebrate hindbrain is segmented into rhombomeres (r) initially defined by distinct domains of gene expression. Previous studies have shown that noise-induced gene regulation and cell sorting are critical for the sharpening of rhombomere boundaries, which start out rough in the forming neural plate (NP) and sharpen over time. However, the mechanisms controlling simultaneous formation of multiple rhombomeres and accuracy in their sizes are unclear. We have developed a stochastic multiscale cell-based model that explicitly incorporates dynamic morphogenetic changes (i.e. convergent-extension of the NP), multiple morphogens, and gene regulatory networks to investigate the formation of rhombomeres and their corresponding boundaries in the zebrafish hindbrain. During pattern initiation, the short-range signal, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), works together with the longer-range morphogen, retinoic acid (RA), to specify all of these boundaries and maintain accurately sized segments with sharp boundaries. At later stages of patterning, we show a nonlinear change in the shape of rhombomeres with rapid left-right narrowing of the NP followed by slower dynamics. Rapid initial convergence improves boundary sharpness and segment size by regulating cell sorting and cell fate both independently and coordinately. Overall, multiple morphogens and tissue dynamics synergize to regulate the sizes and boundaries of multiple segments during development.

Ovule and Female Gametophyte Development in Fertile and Sterile Safflower Plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Carapetian ◽  
EA Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Gametophyte Development ◽  
Male Gametogenesis ◽  
Delayed Initiation ◽  
Rapid Elongation ◽  
Functional Megaspore ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development

Development of safflower ovules and female gametophytes was compared in fertile and genetically sterile F2 and backcross segregants from the cross between 'US-10' and '57-147' genotypes. Fertile plants formed normal anatropous ovules with eight-nucleate embryo sacs, typical of the angiosperms. One week before anthesis, the eight-nucleate embryo sac is well developed and undergoes rapid elongation and expansion during the 24 h prior to anthesis, accompanied by a doubling in length of the florets. Sterile plants also formed normal ovules, but apparently with a delayed initiation of meiosis which was subsequently arrested at Metaphase I. Embryo sacs did not form in sterile florets except for rare observations of uninucleate embryo sacs which began to degenerate before anthesis. The integumentary tapetum which normally developed upon completion of meiosis in fertile plants, was well developed during Prophase I of megasporogenesis in sterile plants. This observation suggests that cell differentiation and development of this nutritive jacket is basically controlled by the age of the ovules rather than initiated by appearance of the functional megaspore. Failure of both female and male gametogenesis seems to result from interaction of three independently segregating genes.

scholarly journals RYK-mediated filopodial pathfinding facilitates midgut elongation

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (20) ◽  
pp. dev195388
Author(s):  
Sha Wang ◽  
James P. Roy ◽  
Abigail J. Tomlinson ◽  
Ellen B. Wang ◽  
Yu-Hwai Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Navigation System ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Guidance Cue ◽  
Epithelial Tube ◽  
Pseudostratified Epithelium ◽  
Rapid Elongation ◽  
Active Proliferation

ABSTRACTBetween embryonic days 10.5 and 14.5, active proliferation drives rapid elongation of the murine midgut epithelial tube. Within this pseudostratified epithelium, nuclei synthesize DNA near the basal surface and move apically to divide. After mitosis, the majority of daughter cells extend a long, basally oriented filopodial protrusion, building a de novo path along which their nuclei can return to the basal side. WNT5A, which is secreted by surrounding mesenchymal cells, acts as a guidance cue to orchestrate this epithelial pathfinding behavior, but how this signal is received by epithelial cells is unknown. Here, we have investigated two known WNT5A receptors: ROR2 and RYK. We found that epithelial ROR2 is dispensable for midgut elongation. However, loss of Ryk phenocopies the Wnt5a−/− phenotype, perturbing post-mitotic pathfinding and leading to apoptosis. These studies reveal that the ligand-receptor pair WNT5A-RYK acts as a navigation system to instruct filopodial pathfinding, a process that is crucial for continuous cell cycling to fuel rapid midgut elongation.

Endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene involved into the rapid elongation of Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens

Trees ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Bing Zhou ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Zhi-Gang Liu ◽  
Xiang-Wan Xia ◽  
Ding-Qin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Elongation ◽  
Phyllostachys Heterocycla

scholarly journals Physiological and Metabolic Adaptations of Potamogeton pectinatus L. Tubers Support Rapid Elongation of Stem Tissue in the Absence of Oxygen

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Dixon ◽  
S. A. Hill ◽  
M. B. Jackson ◽  
R. G. Ratcliffe ◽  
L. J. Sweetlove
Keyword(s):  
Potamogeton Pectinatus ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Rapid Elongation

ROSELLINIA LIMONIISPORA: NUCLEAR CHANGES IN THE DEVELOPING ASCUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Daughter Nucleus ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Late Pachytene ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Nuclear Cycle ◽  
Fusion Nucleus ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Rapid Elongation

The nuclear cycle in the developing ascus of Rosellinia limoniispora, as revealed in aceto-orcein and acetocarmine smears, follows the general pattern for the higher Ascomycetes: crozier formation, early synapsis of homologous chromosomes in the fusion nucleus followed by nucleolar fusion, rapid elongation of chromosomes and ascus up to late pachytene of prophase I followed by contraction of the chromosomes and nucleolus, and the formation of eight nuclei as a result of two meiotic and one mitotic divisions. The orientation of nuclei in divisions II and III is haphazard. Ascospore delimitation is by simple cleavage of the cytoplasm; no centriole – astral ray mechanism was observed. A nuclear division occurs in each young ascospore, one daughter nucleus being cut off into a cell and degenerating.

scholarly journals Ubiquitin binding by the CUE domain promotes endosomal localization of the Rab5 GEF Vps9

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1345-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess Shideler ◽  
Daniel P. Nickerson ◽  
Alexey J. Merz ◽  
Greg Odorizzi
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Endosomal Sorting ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factors ◽  
Ubiquitin Binding ◽  
Cue Domain

Vps9 and Muk1 are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that regulate membrane trafficking in the endolysosomal pathway by activating Rab5 GTPases. We show that Vps9 is the primary Rab5 GEF required for biogenesis of late endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs). However, only Vps9 (but not Muk1) is required for the formation of aberrant class E compartments that arise upon dysfunction of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs). ESCRT dysfunction causes ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins to accumulate at endosomes, and we demonstrate that endosomal recruitment of Vps9 is promoted by its ubiquitin-binding CUE domain. Muk1 lacks ubiquitin-binding motifs, but its fusion to the Vps9 CUE domain allows Muk1 to rescue endosome morphology, cargo trafficking, and cellular stress-tolerance phenotypes that result from loss of Vps9 function. These results indicate that ubiquitin binding by the CUE domain promotes Vps9 function in endolysosomal membrane trafficking via promotion of localization.

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