scholarly journals Dicer activity in neural crest cells is essential for craniofacial organogenesis and pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 128 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Nie ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Kai Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch Artery

scholarly journals Hoxb3 Regulates Jag1 Expression in Pharyngeal Epithelium and Affects Interaction With Neural Crest Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Junjie Xie ◽  
Karl Kam Hei So ◽  
Ka Kui Tong ◽  
Jearn Jang Sae-Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Surface Ectoderm ◽  
Pharyngeal Arches ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Pharyngeal Epithelium

Craniofacial morphogenesis depends on proper migration of neural crest cells and their interactions with placodes and other cell types. Hox genes provide positional information and are important in patterning the neural crest and pharyngeal arches (PAs) for coordinated formation of craniofacial structures. Hox genes are expressed in the surface ectoderm and epibranchial placodes, their roles in the pharyngeal epithelium and their downstream targets in regulating PA morphogenesis have not been established. We altered the Hox code in the pharyngeal region of the Hoxb3Tg/+ mutant, in which Hoxb3 is driven to ectopically expressed in Hoxb2 domain in the second pharyngeal arch (PA2). In the transgenic mutant, ectopic Hoxb3 expression was restricted to the surface ectoderm, including the proximal epibranchial placodal region and the distal pharyngeal epithelium. The Hoxb3Tg/+ mutants displayed hypoplasia of PA2, multiple neural crest-derived facial skeletal and nerve defects. Interestingly, we found that in the Hoxb3Tg/+ mutant, expression of the Notch ligand Jag1 was specifically up-regulated in the ectodermal pharyngeal epithelial cells of PA2. By molecular experiments, we demonstrated that Hoxb3 could bind to an upstream genomic site S2 and directly regulate Jag1 expression. In the Hoxb3Tg/+ mutant, elevated expression of Jag1 in the pharyngeal epithelium led to abnormal cellular interaction and deficiency of neural crest cells migrating into PA2. In summary, we showed that Hoxb3 regulates Jag1 expression and proposed a model of pharyngeal epithelium and neural crest interaction during pharyngeal arch development.

scholarly journals Modulation of β-catenin levels is critical for cranial neural crest patterning and dispersal into first pharyngeal arch

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Javali ◽  
Vairavan Laxmanan ◽  
Dasaradhi Palakodeti ◽  
Ramkumar Sambasivan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Pharyngeal Arches ◽  
Cell Arrangement ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest Cells

AbstractVertebrate cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) are multipotent. Proximal to the source CNCC form the cranial ganglia. Distally, in the pharyngeal arches, they give rise to the craniofacial skeleton and connective tissues. Fate choices are made as CNCC pattern into distinct destination compartments. In spite of this importance, the mechanism patterning CNCC is poorly defined. Here, we report that a novel β-catenin-controlled switch in the cell arrangement is critical in patterning CNCC. In mouse embryos, at the first pharyngeal arch axial level, membrane β-catenin levels correlate with the extent of cell-cell adhesion and thus, with a collective or a dispersed state of CNCC. Using in vitro human neural crest model and chemical modulators of β-catenin levels, we show a requirement for down-modulating β-catenin for the collective-to-dispersed switch. Similarly, in β-catenin gain of function mutant mouse embryos, CNCC fail to disperse, which may underlie their failure to populate first pharyngeal arch. Thus, we show that β-catenin-mediated regulation of CNCC tissue architecture, a previously underappreciated mechanism, underlies the patterning of CNCC into fate-specific compartments.Summary statementThe report shows a crucial step in cranial neural crest patterning. Neural crest cells invading the pharyngeal arches transition from a collective to a dispersed state. This transition in cell arrangement is dependent on membrane β-catenin levels.

A morphological and experimental study of the mesencephalic neural crest cells in the mouse embryo using wheat germ agglutinin-gold conjugate as the cell marker

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Y. Chan ◽  
P.P. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Cell Marker ◽  
Gold Conjugate ◽  
Specific Labelling

The distribution of the mesencephalic neural crest cells in the mouse embryo was studied by mapping the colonization pattern of WGA-gold labelled cells following specific labelling of the neuroectoderm and grafting of presumptive neural crest cells to orthotopic and heterotopic sites. The result showed that (1) there were concomitant changes in the morphology of the neural crest epithelium during the formation of neural crest cells, in the 4- to 7-somite-stage embryos, (2) the neural crest cells were initially confined to the lateral subectodermal region of the cranial mesenchyme and there was minimal mixing with the paraxial mesoderm underneath the neural plate, (3) labelled cells from the presumptive crest region colonized the lateral cranio-facial mesenchyme, the developing trigeminal ganglion and the pharyngeal arch, (4) the formation of neural crest cells was facilitated by the focal disruption of the basal lamina and the cell-cell interaction specific to the neural crest site and (5) the trigeminal ganglion was colonized not only by neural crest cells but also by cells from the ectodermal placode.

scholarly journals Probing the origin of matching functional jaws: roles of Dlx5/6 in cranial neural crest cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Shimizu ◽  
Nicolas Narboux-Nême ◽  
Yorick Gitton ◽  
Camille de Lombares ◽  
Anastasia Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Generate Functional ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Cranial Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Endodermal Cells

SUMMARYGnathostome jaws derive from the first pharyngeal arch (PA1), a complex structure constituted by Neural Crest Cells (NCCs), mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal cells. Here, to determine the regionalized morphogenetic impact of Dlx5/6 expression, we specifically target their inactivation or overexpression to NCCs. NCC-specific Dlx5/6 inactivation (NCCΔDlx5/6) generates severely hypomorphic lower jaws that present typical maxillary traits. Therefore, differently from the symmetric jaws obtained after constitutive Dlx5/6 inactivation, NCCΔDlx5/6 embryos present a strikingly asymmetric mouth. Reciprocally, forced Dlx5 expression in maxillary NCCs provokes the appearance of distinct mandibular characters in the upper jaw. We conclude that: 1) Dlx5/6 activation in NCCs invariably determines lower jaw identity; 2) the morphogenetic processes that generate functional matching jaws depend on the harmonization of Dlx5/6 expression in NCCs and in distinct ectodermal territories. The co-evolution of synergistic opposing jaws requires the coordination of distinct regulatory pathways involving the same transcription factors in distant embryonic territories.

Induction of melanocyte precursors from neural crest cells surrounding the neural tube-like structures developed in vitro using mouse ES cell culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Koh-ichi Atoh ◽  
Manae S. Kurokawa ◽  
Hideshi Yoshikawa ◽  
Chieko Masuda ◽  
Erika Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Mouse Es Cell
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