scholarly journals Cloning and functional analysis of a laccase gene during fruiting body formation in Hypsizygus marmoreus

2015 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjing Zhang ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Mingjie Chen ◽  
Ang Ren ◽  
Jianchun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Hypsizygus Marmoreus ◽  
Body Formation

scholarly journals Expression Profile of Laccase Gene Family in White-Rot Basidiomycete Lentinula edodes under Different Environmental Stresses

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Lianlian Yan ◽  
Ruiping Xu ◽  
Yinbing Bian ◽  
Hongxian Li ◽  
Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Laccase Gene ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Laccase Genes

Laccases belong to ligninolytic enzymes and play important roles in various biological processes of filamentous fungi, including fruiting-body formation and lignin degradation. The process of fruiting-body development in Lentinula edodes is complex and is greatly affected by environmental conditions. In this paper, 14 multicopper oxidase-encoding (laccase) genes were analyzed in the draft genome sequence of L. edodes strain W1-26, followed by a search of multiple stress-related Cis-elements in the promoter region of these laccase genes, and then a transcription profile analysis of 14 laccase genes (Lelcc) under the conditions of different carbon sources, temperatures, and photoperiods. All laccase genes were significantly regulated by varying carbon source materials. The expression of only two laccase genes (Lelcc5 and Lelcc6) was induced by sodium-lignosulphonate and the expression of most laccase genes was specifically upregulated in glucose medium. Under different temperature conditions, the expression levels of most laccase genes decreased at 39 °C and transcription was significantly increased for Lelcc1, Lelcc4, Lelcc5, Lelcc9, Lelcc12, Lelcc13, and Lelcc14 after induction for 24 h at 10 °C, indicating their involvement in primordium differentiation. Tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin synthesis, was clustered with the same group as Lelcc4 and Lelcc7 in all the different photoperiod treatments. Meanwhile, five laccase genes (Lelcc8, Lelcc9, Lelcc12, Lelcc13, and Lelcc14) showed similar expression profiles to that of two blue light receptor genes (LephrA and LephrB) in the 12 h light/12 h dark treatment, suggesting the involvement of laccase genes in the adaptation process of L. edodes to the changing environment and fruiting-body formation. This study contributes to our understanding of the function of the different Lelcc genes and facilitates the screening of key genes from the laccase gene family for further functional research.

scholarly journals FibA and PilA act cooperatively during fruiting body formation of Myxococcus xanthus

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1283-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. Bonner ◽  
Wesley P. Black ◽  
Zhaomin Yang ◽  
Lawrence J. Shimkets
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Body Formation

Fruiting-Body Formation of Tricholoma giganteum on Artificial Medium.

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari INABA ◽  
Yoshinori TAKANO ◽  
Yoshikazu MAYUZUMI ◽  
Toshirou MITSUNAGA
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Body Formation

Culmination in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum studied with a scanning electron microscope

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
D. J. Watts ◽  
T. E. Treffry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Basal Disc ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Myxamoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum were allowed to develop on cellulose acetate filters, and specimens taken at various stages of fruiting body formation were prepared for study by scanning electron microscopy. In the immature fruiting body where the mass of pre-spore cells has just been lifted off the substratum by the developing stalk, the pre-spore cells are irregular in shape and are similar in appearance to cells in aggregates at earlier stages of development. As the stalk lengthens, the pre-spore cells gradually separate from one another and become rounded and elongate, but mature spores are not visible until the fruiting body reaches its maximum height. It is concluded that, contrary to previous reports, spore maturation is a slow process and is not completed until the sorus becomes pigmented. The mature stalk is surrounded by a smooth cellulose sheath but this does not envelop the cells of the basal disc, which remain discrete. The fruiting body is enclosed in a slime sheath and this may be important in holding together the mass of spores.

scholarly journals Multicellular Development in Myxococcus xanthus Is Stimulated by Predator-Prey Interactions

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (15) ◽  
pp. 5675-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Berleman ◽  
John R. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Stringent Response ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation ◽  
Multicellular Development ◽  
Body Formation ◽  
Body Development

ABSTRACT Myxococcus xanthus is a predatory bacterium that exhibits complex social behavior. The most pronounced behavior is the aggregation of cells into raised fruiting body structures in which cells differentiate into stress-resistant spores. In the laboratory, monocultures of M. xanthus at a very high density will reproducibly induce hundreds of randomly localized fruiting bodies when exposed to low nutrient availability and a solid surface. In this report, we analyze how M. xanthus fruiting body development proceeds in a coculture with suitable prey. Our analysis indicates that when prey bacteria are provided as a nutrient source, fruiting body aggregation is more organized, such that fruiting bodies form specifically after a step-down or loss of prey availability, whereas a step-up in prey availability inhibits fruiting body formation. This localization of aggregates occurs independently of the basal nutrient levels tested, indicating that starvation is not required for this process. Analysis of early developmental signaling relA and asgD mutants indicates that they are capable of forming fruiting body aggregates in the presence of prey, demonstrating that the stringent response and A-signal production are surprisingly not required for the initiation of fruiting behavior. However, these strains are still defective in differentiating to spores. We conclude that fruiting body formation does not occur exclusively in response to starvation and propose an alternative model in which multicellular development is driven by the interactions between M. xanthus cells and their cognate prey.

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