The immunosuppressive effects of a novel recombinant LipQ (Rv2485c) protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on human macrophage cell lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Manisha ◽  
Gurkamaljit Kaur Sangha ◽  
Anju Shrivastava ◽  
Jagdeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Macrophage Cell

scholarly journals Macrophage cell lines and murine infection by Salmonella Typhi L-form bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debayan Ganguli ◽  
Swarnali Chakraborty ◽  
Suparna Chakraborty ◽  
Ananda Pal ◽  
Animesh Gope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Drug Concentrations

AbstractAntibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has emerged as a major threat to public health worldwide. While stable resistance due to the acquisition of genomic mutations or plasmids carrying antibiotic-resistance genes is well-established, much less is known about the temporary and reversible resistance induced by antibiotic treatment, such as the one due to treatment with bacterial cell-wall inhibiting antibiotics like ampicillin. Typically, ampicillin concentration in the blood and other tissues gradually increases over time after initiation of the treatment. As a result, the bacterial population is exposed to a concentration gradient of ampicillin. This is different from in vitro drug testing where the organism is exposed to fixed drug concentrations from the beginning till the end. To mimic the mode of antibiotic exposure of microorganisms in the tissues, we cultured the wild type, ampicillin-sensitive Salmonella Typhi Ty2 strain (S. Typhi Ty2) in the presence of increasing concentrations of ampicillin over a period of 14 days. This resulted in the development of a strain that exhibited several features of the so-called L-form of bacteria, such as the absence of cell wall, altered shape and slower growth rate compared with the parental strain. Studies on the pathogenesis of S. Typhi L-form showed efficient infection of the murine and human macrophage cell lines. More importantly, S. Typhi L-form was also able to establish infection in a mouse model to the extent comparable to its parental strain. These results suggested that L-form generation following initiation of antibiotic treatment could lead to drug escape of S. Typhi and direct spread to new cells (macrophages), which sustain the infection. Oral infection by the L-form bacteria underscores the potential of rapid disease transmission through faeco-oral route, highlighting the need for new approaches to decrease the reservoir of infection.

scholarly journals The promises and limitations of N-acetylcysteine as a potentiator of first-line and second-line tuberculosis drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Vilchèze ◽  
William R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
First Line ◽  
Host Infection

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is most commonly used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose and acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), NAC is given to treat hepatotoxicity induced by TB drugs. We had previously shown that cysteine, a derivative of NAC, potentiated the activity of isoniazid, a first-line TB drug, by preventing the emergence of INH resistance and persistence in M. tuberculosis in vitro. Herein, we demonstrate that in vitro, NAC has the same boosting activity with various combinations of first- and second-line TB drugs against drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Similar to cysteine, NAC increased M. tuberculosis respiration. However, in M. tuberculosis-infected mice, the addition of NAC did not augment the activity of first- or second-line TB drugs. A comparison of the activity of NAC combined with TB drugs in murine and human macrophage cell lines revealed that studies in mice might not be recapitulated during host infection in vivo.

7C3, A Marker for the Differentiation of Human Macrophage Cell Lines

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Zuckerman ◽  
Julia Tang ◽  
Bruce D. Gitter ◽  
Maurice E. Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Macrophage Cell
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