Risk of Alzheimer’s disease among users of postmenopausal hormone therapy: A nationwide case-control study

Maturitas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Imtiaz ◽  
Heidi Taipale ◽  
Antti Tanskanen ◽  
Miia Tiihonen ◽  
Miia Kivipelto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Endometrial cancer associated with various forms of postmenopausal hormone therapy: A case control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 1644-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Jaakkola ◽  
Heli K. Lyytinen ◽  
Tadeusz Dyba ◽  
Olavi Ylikorkala ◽  
Eero Pukkala
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Use of postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in Finland: nationwide case-control study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen ◽  
Päivi Rahkola-Soisalo ◽  
Fabian Hoti ◽  
Pia Vattulainen ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Drug Register ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives To compare the use of hormone therapy between Finnish postmenopausal women with and without a diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease. Design Nationwide case-control study. Setting Finnish national population and drug register, between 1999 and 2013. Participants All postmenopausal women (n=84 739) in Finland who, between 1999 and 2013, received a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease from a neurologist or geriatrician, and who were identified from a national drug register. Control women without a diagnosis (n=84 739), matched by age and hospital district, were traced from the Finnish national population register. Interventions Data on hormone therapy use were obtained from the Finnish national drug reimbursement register. Main outcome measures Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for Alzheimer’s disease, calculated with conditional logistic regression analysis. Results In 83 688 (98.8%) women, a diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease was made at the age of 60 years or older, and 47 239 (55.7%) women had been over 80 years of age at diagnosis. Use of systemic hormone therapy was associated with a 9-17% increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The risk of the disease did not differ significantly between users of estradiol only (odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.14) and those of oestrogen-progestogen (1.17, 1.13 to 1.21). The risk increases in users of oestrogen-progestogen therapy were not related to different progestogens (norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, or other progestogens); but in women younger than 60 at hormone therapy initiation, these risk increases were associated with hormone therapy exposure over 10 years. Furthermore, the age at initiation of systemic hormone therapy was not a decisive determinant for the increase in risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The exclusive use of vaginal estradiol did not affect the risk of the disease (0.99, 0.96 to 1.01). Conclusions Long term use of systemic hormone therapy might be accompanied with an overall increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease, which is not related to the type of progestogen or the age at initiation of systemic hormone therapy. By contrast, use of vaginal estradiol shows no such risk. Even though the absolute risk increase for Alzheimer’s disease is small, our data should be implemented into information for present and future users of hormone therapy.

scholarly journals Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA population-based case-control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Orellana ◽  
Saedis Saevarsdottir ◽  
Lars Klareskog ◽  
Elizabeth W. Karlson ◽  
Lars Alfredsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Smoking, postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of venous thrombosis: a population-based, case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Blondon ◽  
Kerri L. Wiggins ◽  
Astrid Van Hylckama Vlieg ◽  
Barbara McKnight ◽  
Bruce M. Psaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Hormone ◽  
Control Study
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