The influence of vascular risk factors on cognitive decline in patients with dementia: A systematic review

Maturitas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Blom ◽  
Mariëlle H. Emmelot-Vonk ◽  
Huiberdina (Dineke) L. Koek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

The Spectrum of Cerebrovascular Disease and Associated Cognitive Decline

2019 ◽  
pp. 574-599
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Williams ◽  
Steven E. Arnold ◽  
David H. Salat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
And Function

Throughout the lifespan, common variations in systemic health and illness contribute to alterations in vasculature structure and function throughout the body, significantly increasing risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a prevalent cause of mortality in late life; it also promotes brain alterations, contributing to cognitive decline and, when severe, vascular dementia. Even prior to diseased states, individual variation in CVD risk is associated with structural and functional brain alterations. Yet, how cumulative asymptomatic alterations in vessel structure and function contribute to more subtle changes in brain tissue integrity and function that emerge in late life is unclear. Finally, vascular risk factors are associated with the clinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, recent theory posits that vascular degeneration may serve a contributory role in these conditions. This chapter reviews how lifespan changes in vascular health contribute to degenerative changes in neural tissue and the subsequent development of cognitive impairment and/or vascular dementia. It first discusses associations between vascular risk factors and cognition and also how declining vascular health may lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Next, it identifies basic aspects of cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology sustaining tissue health and discusses how vulnerabilities of this system contribute to neurodegenerative changes. Finally, it reviews evidence of vascular contributions to AD and presents ideas for future research to better understand the full spectrum of cerebrovascular contributions to brain aging, cognitive decline, and dementia.

Vascular risk factors, alcohol intake, and cognitive decline

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Panza ◽  
C. Capurso ◽  
A. D’Introno ◽  
A. M. Colacicco ◽  
V. Frisardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

Cognitive decline precedes late-life longitudinal changes in vascular risk factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1028-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. van Vliet ◽  
R. G. J. Westendorp ◽  
D. van Heemst ◽  
A. J. M. de Craen ◽  
A. M. Oleksik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Changes

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise interventions reduce blood pressure in patients after stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 1515-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Jessica Redgrave ◽  
Mohsen Shafizadeh ◽  
Arshad Majid ◽  
Karen Kilner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attack ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Ischaemic Attack

ObjectiveSecondary vascular risk reduction is critical to preventing recurrent stroke. We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on vascular risk factors and recurrent ischaemic events after stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).DesignIntervention systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesOVID MEDLINE, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, TRIP Database, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, UK Clinical Trials Gateway and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from 1966 to October 2017.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials evaluating aerobic or resistance exercise interventions on vascular risk factors and recurrent ischaemic events among patients with stroke or TIA, compared with control.ResultsTwenty studies (n=1031) were included. Exercise interventions resulted in significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) −4.30 mm Hg (95% CI −6.77 to −1.83) and diastolic blood pressure −2.58 mm Hg (95% CI −4.7 to −0.46) compared with control. Reduction in SBP was most pronounced among studies initiating exercise within 6 months of stroke or TIA (−8.46 mm Hg, 95% CI −12.18 to −4.75 vs −2.33 mm Hg, 95% CI −3.94 to −0.72), and in those incorporating an educational component (−7.81 mm Hg, 95% CI −14.34 to −1.28 vs −2.78 mm Hg, 95% CI −4.33 to −1.23). Exercise was also associated with reductions in total cholesterol (−0.27 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.54 to 0.00), but not fasting glucose or body mass index. One trial reported reductions in secondary vascular events with exercise, but was insufficiently powered.SummaryExercise interventions can result in clinically meaningful blood pressure reductions, particularly if initiated early and alongside education.

Midlife Vascular Risk Factors and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Fei Meng ◽  
Jin-Tai Yu ◽  
Hui-Fu Wang ◽  
Meng-Shan Tan ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk

Diabetes and other vascular risk factors for dementia: Which factor matters most? A systematic review

2008 ◽  
Vol 585 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul P. Kloppenborg ◽  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
L. Jaap Kappelle ◽  
Geert Jan Biessels
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk
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