scholarly journals Cumulative oxygen consumption during development of two postharvest insect pests: Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius and Plodia interpunctella Hübner

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Quellhorst ◽  
Scott B. Williams ◽  
Larry L. Murdock ◽  
Dieudonne Baributsa
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella

scholarly journals Methyl Benzoate Is Superior to Other Natural Fumigants for Controlling the Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Md Munir Mostafiz ◽  
Errol Hassan ◽  
Rajendra Acharya ◽  
Jae-Kyoung Shim ◽  
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Indian Meal Moth ◽  
Indian Meal ◽  
Food Commodities

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an insect pest that commonly affects stored and postharvest agricultural products. For the control of insect pests and mites, methyl benzoate (MBe) is lethal as a fumigant and also causes contact toxicity; although it has already been established as a food-safe natural product, the fumigation toxicity of MBe has yet to be demonstrated in P. interpunctella. Herein, we evaluated MBe as a potential fumigant for controlling adults of P. interpunctella in two bioassays. Compared to the monoterpenes examined under laboratory conditions, MBe demonstrated high fumigant activity using a 1-L glass bottle at 1 μL/L air within 4 h of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MBe was 0.1 μL/L air; the median lethal time (LT50) of MBe at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 μL/L air was 3.8, 3.3, 2.8, and 2.0 h, respectively. Compared with commercially available monoterpene compounds used in pest control, MBe showed the highest fumigant toxicity (toxicity order as follows): MBe > citronellal > linalool > 1,8 cineole > limonene. Moreover, in a larger space assay, MBe caused 100% mortality of P. interpunctella at 0.01 μL/cm3 of air after 24 h of exposure. Therefore, MBe can be recommended for use in food security programs as an ecofriendly alternative fumigant. Specifically, it provides another management tool for curtailing the loss of stored food commodities due to P. interpunctella infestation.

scholarly journals Dual Insecticidal Effects of Adenanthera pavonina Kunitz-Type Inhibitor on Plodia interpunctella is Mediated by Digestive Enzymes Inhibition and Chitin-Binding Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira ◽  
Taylla Michelle de Oliveira Flores ◽  
Marlon Henrique Cardoso ◽  
Karen Garcia Nogueira Oshiro ◽  
Raphael Russi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Adenanthera Pavonina ◽  
Enzymes Inhibition ◽  
Control Insect

The Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, is one of the most damaging pests of stored products. We investigated the insecticidal properties of ApKTI, a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from Adenanthera pavonina seeds, against P. interpunctella larvae through bioassays with artificial diet. ApKTI-fed larvae showed reduction of up to 88% on larval weight and 75% in survival. Trypsin enzymes extracted from P. interpunctella larvae were inhibited by ApKTI, which also demonstrated capacity to bind to chitin. Kinetic studies revealed a non-competitive inhibition mechanism of ApKTI for trypsin, which were further corroborated by molecular docking studies. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that ApKTI exhibits a hydrophobic pocket near the reactive site loop probably involved in chitin interactions. Taken together, these data suggested that the insecticidal activity of ApKTI for P. interpunctella larvae involves a dual and promiscuous mechanisms biding to two completely different targets. Both processes might impair the P. interpunctella larval digestive process, leading to larvae death before reaching the pupal stage. Further studies are encouraged using ApKTI as a biotechnological tool to control insect pests in field conditions.

Insect Infestation associated with French shelled Walnuts with particular Reference to the Occurrence of Aphomia gularis (Zell.) (Lep., Galleriidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
General Application ◽  
Dried Fruit

Walnuts grown and shelled in the Dordogne and adjacent regions of France are exported to Britain and other countries. The inspection of cargoes arriving at Liverpool between July 1955 and July 1958 has shown that they may frequently be infested by a number of species of insect pests. Of the 20 species recorded, six occurred regularly. These were Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Aphomia gularis (Zell.), Plodia interpunctella (Hb.), Cryptophagus subfumatus Kraatz, Nemapogon granella (L.) and Enarmonia sp. During that period, changes occurred in the levels of infestation on parcels and the relative abundance of the species. In particular, there was a considerable increase in the occurrence of O. surinamensis. Though the general levels of infestation were light, parts of 58 per cent, of the cargoes had to be fumigated to prevent pests being distributed to factories, bakeries and shops in Britain and on transhipped parcels to Canada, U.S.A. and the Eepublic of Ireland. Though many of the species found are already established in those countries where conditions are suitable for their development some are still limited in their distribution. These include A. gularis, a serious pest of nuts, dried fruit and cereals. If the further spread of this and the other pests is to be prevented there is need for a more general application of control measures in the country of origin with strict control and possibly fumigation of cargoes before shipment.

scholarly journals Efficacy of natural oils against the biological activity on Callosobruchus maculatus and Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Mahmoud Amin Sabbour
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Background Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are dangerous insects to stored grains. They are controlled by chemical insecticides, which cause a lot of harmful diseases and pollute the environment. Essential oils are a new trend for controlling of storage pests. Methods The nano-encapsulation process was carried out by polymerization technology. The tested nano-oils were experimented at tested concentration (0.5%) for their insecticidal activities against the third-instar larvae of tested insects. After 7 days of exposure, accumulative mortality percentages were calculated in the treated and untreated control. Also, the tested nano-oils were sprayed to the foam granules and were mixed with 2 g foam/100 g cow pea for testing the oviposition inhibitory effects of the tested oils. Additionally, the experiment was designed to test the latent effect of the tested oils against C. maculatus and C. chinensis on foam as surface protectant after 90-day intervals. Results After 7 days of treatments, the accumulations of C. maculatus were 61.2, 42.0, 46.6, and 35.5% after being treated with rosemary, catnip, garlic, and citronella oil, respectively, as compared to 0.3% in the control. When C. chinensis were treated with corresponding oils, the accumulations obtained 68.9, 44.1, 49.9, and 37.9% as compared to 0.1% in the control. When both the target insect pests, C. maculatus and C. chinensis, were treated with the tested nano-oils, results showed that the accumulations of C. maculatus recorded 82.2, 55.8, 66.3, and 46.3% when treated with nano-rosemary, nano-anis, nano-garlic, and nano-citronella as compared to 0.1 in the control. When the corresponding nano-oils were applied against C. chinensis, the accumulations obtained 89.7, 42.8, 70.9, and 48.9% as compared to 0.1% in the control. When the tested oils and their nano were tested against C. maculatus life cycle, the number of eggs laid/female were significantly decreased to 6.4 ± 9.89 eggs/female after nano-rosemary treatments as compared to 299.9 ± 9299 eggs/female in the control. The adult emergence decreased to 1% after nano-rosemary treatments as compared to 100% in the control. The malformations of the insect significantly increased after nano-rosemary and nano-anis to 100% as compared to 0% in the control. The same results obtained when C. chinensis were treated with different tested oils. The number of eggs C. chinensis laid/female was 8.3 ± 1.0 eggs/female as compared to 298.9 ± 7.89 eggs/female in the control. Conclusion This work research indicate that some essential oils might be useful for managing C. maculatus and C. chinensis in enclosed spaces because of their fumigant harmful action. Plant essential oils and their active ingredient have potentially high bioactivity against a range of the target insect pests. Furthermore, they are highly selective to C. maculatus and C. chinensis. Incorporation of essential oils into a controlled release nano-formulation prevents rapid vaporization and degradation, increases constancy, and preserves the lower effective dosage/application. Treated foam with nano-rosemary and nano-garlic oils and covering gunny bags provided many efficient effects against tested insects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil Fumigation on Biochemical, Behavioral, and Physiological Parameters of Callosobruchus maculatus

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Michał Krzyżowski ◽  
Bartosz Baran ◽  
Bartosz Łozowski ◽  
Jacek Francikowski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

This study explores the influence of rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oil (EO) on the biochemical (acetylcholinesterase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase), physiological (oxygen consumption), and behavioral (open field test, repellency) parameters of an important stored product insect: cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). R. officinalis EO exhibited effective insecticidal action against C. maculatus even at relatively low concentrations. LC50 = 15.69 μL/L air, and was highly repellent at concentrations equal to or above LC25. Statistically significant inhibition in locomotor activity occurred only after the acute exposure to the EO at LC12.5 and LC25. The oxygen consumption test showed metabolism increase only at LC50. An increase in activity was observed in the case of all three enzymes examined. The presented data provides a potentially valuable resource in designing more environmentally friendly and safer insecticide agents.

scholarly journals Fractionated Extracts From Gnidia kraussiana (Malvales: Thymeleaceae) as Bioactive Phytochemicals for Effective Management of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Stored Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kosini ◽  
E N Nukenine ◽  
G A Agbor ◽  
A T Tchinda ◽  
J P Abdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Abstract One of the most important global problems is protecting food from insect pests. The negative effects of synthetic insecticides on human health led to a resurgence of interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal ecological side effects. Therefore, the insecticidal potential of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of Gnidia kraussiana Meisn roots at 1 and 5g/kg, and neem seed oil (NSO), used as standard insecticide, were evaluated. Ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity was tested by treating freshly laid eggs and larvae at different immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) Walp seed damage and weight loss were assessed after a storage period of 4 mo. Repellency effects were detected in choice test using a linear olfactometer. All the fractions were toxic to C. maculatus; however, their bioactivities were inversely correlated with products polarity. Extracts proved to be more toxic than the commercial NSO. The acetone extract was more effective against immature stages of C. maculatus than the methanol extract; eggs, first-, and second-instar larvae being the more susceptible. No cowpea seed damage and weight loss were recorded from the seeds treated with hexane and acetone extracts at the dosage of 5 g/kg, after 4 mo of storage. Extracts evoked stronger repellency effects compared with the tested standard insecticide. According to the above, hexane and acetone extracts are good candidates for incorporation in integrated pest management programs for the control of C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds.

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