scholarly journals Effects of Fe deficiency on the protein profiles and lignin composition of stem tissues from Medicago truncatula in absence or presence of calcium carbonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Rodríguez-Celma ◽  
Giuseppe Lattanzio ◽  
Dido Villarroya ◽  
Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell ◽  
Laura Ceballos-Laita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Lignin Composition

scholarly journals Inoculation with Efficient Nitrogen Fixing and Indoleacetic Acid Producing Bacterial Microsymbiont Enhance Tolerance of the Model LegumeMedicago truncatulato Iron Deficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Kallala ◽  
Wissal M’sehli ◽  
Karima Jelali ◽  
Zribi Kais ◽  
Haythem Mhadhbi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Negative Effect

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of symbiotic bacteria inoculation on the response ofMedicago truncatulagenotypes to iron deficiency. The present work was conducted on threeMedicago truncatulagenotypes: A17, TN8.20, and TN1.11. Three treatments were performed: control (C), direct Fe deficiency (DD), and induced Fe deficiency by bicarbonate (ID). Plants were nitrogen-fertilized (T) or inoculated with two bacterial strains:Sinorhizobium melilotiTII7 andSinorhizobium medicaeSII4. Biometric, physiological, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Iron deficiency had a significant lowering effect on plant biomass and chlorophyll content in allMedicago truncatulagenotypes. TN1.11 showed the highest lipid peroxidation and leakage of electrolyte under iron deficiency conditions, which suggest that TN1.11 was more affected than A17 and TN8.20 by Fe starvation. Iron deficiency affected symbiotic performance indices of allMedicago truncatulagenotypes inoculated with bothSinorhizobiumstrains, mainly nodules number and biomass as well as nitrogen-fixing capacity. Nevertheless, inoculation withSinorhizobiumstrains mitigates the negative effect of Fe deficiency on plant growth and oxidative stress compared to nitrogen-fertilized plants. The highest auxin producing strain, TII7, preserves relatively high growth and root biomass and length when inoculated to TN8.20 and A17. On the other hand, both TII7 and SII4 strains improve the performance of sensitive genotype TN1.11 through reduction of the negative effect of iron deficiency on chlorophyll and plant Fe content. The bacterial inoculation improved Fe-deficient plant response to oxidative stress via the induction of the activities of antioxidant enzymes.

Time course induction of several key enzymes in Medicago truncatula roots in response to Fe deficiency

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1082-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Andaluz ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez-Celma ◽  
Anunciación Abadía ◽  
Javier Abadía ◽  
Ana-Flor López-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Key Enzymes

Nodulation and growth of Medicago truncatula on acid soils. I. Effect of calcium carbonate and inoculation level on the nodulation of Medicago truncatula on a moderately acid soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Robson ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species

On a moderately acid soil (pH 4.6 in 115 suspension of soil in 0.01M calcium chloride), nodulation of Medicago truncatula cv. Cyprus responded markedly to increasing applications of calcium carbonate, which increased soil pH. Since the effect of increasing soil pH on the percentage nodulation could be replaced to a large extent by increasing the inoculation level, it appeared that nodulation was restricted by the inability of Rhizobium meliloti to survive or multiply in the acid soil. The growth of R, meliloti appeared more sensitive to soil acidity than growth of the host plant of annual Medicago species. It is suggested that more acid-tolerant strains of R. meliloti would permit annual Medicago species to be grown successfully on moderately acid soils, thus extending the range of soils suitable for the growth of these species.

Nodulation and growth of Medicago truncatula on acid soils. II. Colonization of acid soils by Rhizobium meliloti

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Robson ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Better Than

Six strains of Rhizobium meliloti varied greatly in their ability to colonize two moderately acid sandy soils (pH 5.0-5.1 in 115 suspension of soil in 0.01M calcium chloride) in the year of sowing inoculated lime-coated seeds of Medicago truncatula. The strains also varied in their ability to nodulate M. truncatula in the year after sowing. With all rhizobial strains and on both soils, calcium carbonate applied in the year of sowing strongly promoted colonization in the year of sowing. It also greatly increased nodulation and growth of M. truncatula in the year after sowing. Apparently calcium carbonate increased second year nodulation by promoting the colonization of the acid soils by R. meliloti in the year of sowing. Differences among strains in second year nodulation appeared to be related to differences in the ability of the strains to colonize the soils in the year of sowing. Strains isolated from moderately acid sandy soils were markedly superior in both properties, and on both soils, to strain SU47 from commercial inoculum, but were generally no better than strain U45 from commercial inoculum. Even the most acid-tolerant strains colonized the acid soils relatively slowly. It is suggested that R. meliloti strains in general have a poor ability to colonize acid soils and that this property is a major factor limiting the growth and persistence of annual Medicago species on acid soils in the field.

scholarly journals A Shotgun Proteomic Approach Reveals That Fe Deficiency Causes Marked Changes in the Protein Profiles of Plasma Membrane and Detergent-Resistant Microdomain Preparations from Beta vulgaris Roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2510-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elain Gutierrez-Carbonell ◽  
Daisuke Takahashi ◽  
Sabine Lüthje ◽  
José Antonio González-Reyes ◽  
Sébastien Mongrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Proteomic Approach

A TEM study of the microstructure of avian eggshells

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1102-1103
Author(s):  
S. Q. Xiao ◽  
S. Baden ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Polycrystalline Metals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms

The avian eggshell is one of the most rapidly mineralizing biological systems known. In situ, 5g of calcium carbonate are crystallized in less than 20 hrs to fabricate the shell. Although there have been much work about the formation of eggshells, controversy about the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the calcite crystals, and their texture in the eggshell, still remain unclear. In this report the microstructure and microchemistry of avian eggshells have been analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Fresh white and dry brown eggshells were broken and fixed in Karnosky's fixative (kaltitanden) for 2 hrs, then rinsed in distilled H2O. Small speckles of the eggshells were embedded in Spurr medium and thin sections were made ultramicrotome.The crystalline part of eggshells are composed of many small plate-like calcite grains, whose plate normals are approximately parallel to the shell surface. The sizes of the grains are about 0.3×0.3×1 μm3 (Fig.l). These grains are not as closely packed as man-made polycrystalline metals and ceramics, and small gaps between adjacent grains are visible indicating the absence of conventional grain boundaries.

Scaling risk assessment in a closed circuit recycled board mill by speciation methods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK HUBER ◽  
SYLVIE NIVELON ◽  
PATRICE NORTIER
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Local Scaling ◽  
Water Analyses ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Speciation Calculation

Calcium carbonate scaling often is a critical problem for recycled board mills that have closed water circuits. The objective of this study was to determine local scaling risks throughout the production process. To predict scaling potential, we calculated several saturation indexes, based on speciation determined from detailed water analyses. Calculated scaling trends are in accordance with observed dissolution and precipitation of calcium carbonate in the process, when considering local aeration phenomena. The importance of volatile fatty acids (resulting from anaerobic bacterial activity) in calco-carbonic equilibriums is discussed, and taken into account in the speciation calculation. We also demonstrate the need to measure inorganic carbon instead of alkalinity in such conditions. This makes typical scaling indexes, such as the Ryznar Stability Index, irrelevant to predict scaling risk in closed circuit conditions; thus, it is necessary to use general speciation methods, as described in this paper.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

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