On controllability and system constraints of the linear models of proton exchange membrane and solid oxide fuel cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 196 (20) ◽  
pp. 8549-8552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verica Radisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Exchange Membrane

APPLICATION OF RANGE EXTENDER BASED ON SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFCS) FOR ELECTRICAL BUSES: EXPERIENCE OF CERES POWER (UNITED KINGDOM) AND WEICHAI POWER (CHINA) COMPANIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Olexander Agarkov ◽  
Kostyantyn Shevchuk ◽  
Yurii Ivanyna
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Range Extender

In previous articles on this topic [1-3] we examined the perspectives of application of power plants based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as auxiliary power plants as well as range extenders for heavy freight transport [1,2] and cars [3]: we considered experience of USA [1], Europe [2] and Japan [3]. We showed, that such kind of systems give opportunity to obtain electrical power from chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuel oxidation with record-high efficiency (much higher than competitive solutions) in order to supply on-board vehicle systems during stops of main engine, as well as to significantly extend the range of electrical vehicles by means of constant charge of batteries directly during motional and their discharge due to operation of electrical engine. In current manuscript, we examine the world first experience of SOFC power plant application as range extender for electrical buses. Group of Ceres Power (UK) and Weichai Power (China) companies executed a corresponding project. As a result of project execution system prototype with power output of 30 kW was developed and manufactured, tests on bus lines are planned to be executed in nearest future. The system examined in current manuscript is the most powerful in comparison to other systems studied in this set of manuscripts: 30 kW against 1.5 and 9 kW [1], 3 kW [2] as well as 5 kW [3] for systems examined in previous works. Examined system uses compressed natural gas (CNG) as a fuel; this hydrocarbon is very convenient one due to well-developed distribution network, ecological cleanness in comparison with more complex and heavy hydrocarbon mixtures. Application of low-temperature fuel cells (with proton-exchange membrane), which are more simple in manufacture, in automobile transport leads to the demand in development of hydrogen supply networks, which is not developed nowadays at all.

scholarly journals Advanced materials for family of fuel cells: a review of polymer electrolyte membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4853-4863
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Regenerative Fuel Cell ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Power Curves

Hydrogen is an important energy carrier and a strong candidate for energy storage. It will be a useful tool for storing intermittent energy sources such as sun. Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier that can be used to power nearly every end-use energy need. By this work, modeling and controlling of ion transport rate efficiency in proton exchange membrane (PEMFC), alkaline (AFC), direct methanol (DMFC), phosphoric acid (PAFC), direct forming acid (DFAFC), direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) have been investigated and compared together. Thermodynamic equations have been investigated for those fuel cells in viewpoint of voltage output data. Effects of operating data including temperature (T), pressure (P), proton exchange membrane water content (λ), and proton exchange membrane thickness (d_mem) on the optimal performance of the irreversible fuel cells have been studied. Performance of fuel cells was analyzed via simulating polarization and power curves for a fuel cell operating at various conditions with current densities. SOFC (Solid oxide fuel cell) is usually combined with a dense electrolyte sandwiched via porous cathode and anode and SORFC (Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell) is a subgroup of RFC with solid oxide regenerative fuel cell. SORFC operates at high temperature with high efficiency and it is a suitable system for high temperature electrolysis.

A Comparative 1D Analysis of PEM, SO and DB Fuel Cells

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Perez-Raya ◽  
Michael W. Ellis ◽  
Abel Hernandez-Guerrero ◽  
Francisco Elizalde-Blancas ◽  
Carlos U. Gonzalez-Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Although fuel cells represent an attractive alternative for electricity generation, different technical problems, such as the hydrogen storage, have not been solved, as yet. Nowadays direct sodium borohydride fuel cells are considered as a promising technology since NaBH4 (fuel) is a stable, nonflammable and nontoxic liquid solution. In the present study a one-dimensional numerical study of a proton exchange membrane, a solid oxide, and a direct sodium borohydride fuel cell is performed. The objective of this work is to compare qualitatively the fuel cell performance between these technologies. For proton exchange membrane and solid oxide fuel cells there are already established useful models and correlations widely known, and used, to predict the current density and the power generated. Direct Borohydride fuel cells, on the other hand, are still in their early developments; in the present paper DBFCs are analyzed using a novel model. This proposed model for DBFCs includes the prediction of the NaBH4 oxidation in the anode side, the H2O2 reduction in the cathode side and the effect of the solution concentration and temperature on the membrane. It is noteworthy mentioning that this last effect has not been integrated in any of the established models in the current technical literature.

Entropy Based Design of Fuel Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Naterer ◽  
C. D. Tokarz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Fuel Channel ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This article aims to develop an entropy based method of systematically improving efficiency of fuel cells. Entropy production of both electrochemical and thermofluid irreversibilities is formulated based on the Second Law. Ohmic, concentration, and activation irreversibilities occur within the electrodes, while thermal and friction irreversibilities occur within the fuel channel. These irreversibilities reduce the overall cell efficiency by generating voltage losses. Unlike past studies, this article considers fuel channel irreversibilities within the total entropy production, for both solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Predicted results of entropy production are shown at varying operating temperatures, surface resistances, and channel configurations. Numerical predictions are compared successfully against past measured data of voltage profiles, thereby providing useful validation of the entropy based formulation. The Second Law stipulates the maximum theoretical capability of energy conversion within the fuel cell. Unlike past methods characterizing voltage losses through overpotential or polarization curves, the entropy based method provides a useful alternative and systematic procedure for reducing voltage losses.

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