Changes in the antioxidant status in leaves of Solanum species in response to elicitor from Phytophthora infestans

2007 ◽  
Vol 164 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Polkowska-Kowalczyk ◽  
Bernard Wielgat ◽  
Urszula Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Solanum Species

scholarly journals The presence of Phytophthora infestans in the rhizosphere of a wild Solanum species may contribute to off-season survival and pathogenicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 103475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
Laura Masini ◽  
Rebecca McDougal ◽  
Preeti Panda ◽  
Levine de Zinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Wild Solanum

scholarly journals Fungal Sensitivity to and Enzymatic Degradation of the Phytoanticipin α-Tomatine

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sandrock ◽  
Hans D. VanEtten
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Tolerance

α-Tomatine, synthesized by Lycopersicon and some Solanum species, is toxic to a broad range of fungi, presumably because it binds to 3β-hydroxy sterols in fungal membranes. Several fungal pathogens of tomato have previously been shown to be tolerant of this glycoalkaloid and to possess enzymes thought to be involved in its detoxification. In the current study, 23 fungal strains were examined for their ability to degrade α-tomatine and for their sensitivity to this compound and two breakdown products, β2-tomatine and tomatidine. Both saprophytes and all five non-pathogens of tomato tested were sensitive, while all but two tomato pathogens (Stemphylium solani and Verticillium dahliae) were tolerant of α-to-matine (50% effective dose > 300 μM). Except for an isolate of Botrytis cinerea isolated from grape, no degradation products were detected when saprophytes and nonpathogens were grown in the presence of α-tomatine. All tomato pathogens except Phytophthora infestans and Pythium aphani-dermatum degraded α-tomatine. There was a strong correlation between tolerance to α-tomatine, the ability to degrade this compound, and pathogenicity on tomato. However, while β2-tomatine and tomatidine were less toxic to most tomato pathogens, these breakdown products were inhibitory to some of the saprophytes and nonpathogens of tomato, suggesting that tomato pathogens may have multiple tolerance mechanisms to α-tomatine.

scholarly journals First Report of Phytophthora infestans A2 Mating Type in Ecuador

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Oyarzun ◽  
M. E. Ordoñes ◽  
G. A. Forbes ◽  
W. E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Andean Highlands

The tropical highlands of Ecuador are a genetic center for several Solanaceous species, including potato. In 1995 and 1996, severe late blight epidemics occurred in wild Solanum species, e.g., Solanum brevifolium, growing in the transitional area between the highlands and the coastal tropical lowlands near the city of Quito. Sixteen isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected in 1995 and 36 isolates in 1996. Of these, three from 1995 and four from 1996 were A2 mating type. Extensive and systematic sampling of commercial potato and tomato in Ecuador have failed to reveal the presence of the A2 mating type (G. A. Forbes, X. M. Escobar, C. C. Ayala, J. Revelo, M. E. Ordoñez, B. A. Fry, K. Doucet, and W. E. Fry, Phytopathology, in press.). Apparently the A2 mating type reported for the first time in Ecuador is only associated with wild Solanaceous spp. Further research is required to determine the consequences of this event for management of late blight in both potato and tomato, two important field crops in the Andean highlands.

scholarly journals Mapping of Avirulence Genes in Phytophthora infestans With Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Selected by Bulked Segregant Analysis

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo van der Lee ◽  
Andrea Robold ◽  
Antonino Testa ◽  
John W van’t Klooster ◽  
Francine Govers
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
High Density ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Density Mapping ◽  
Avr Genes

Abstract In this study we investigated the genetic control of avirulence in the diploid oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight on potato. The dominant avirulence (Avr) genes matched six race-specific resistance genes introgressed in potato from a wild Solanum species. AFLP markers linked to Avr genes were selected by bulked segregant analysis and used to construct two high-density linkage maps, one containing Avr4 (located on linkage group A2-a) and the other containing a cluster of three tightly linked genes, Avr3, Avr10, and Avr11 (located on linkage group VIII). Bulked segregant analysis also resulted in a marker linked to Avr1 and this allowed positioning of Avr1 on linkage group IV. No bulked segregant analysis was performed for Avr2, but linkage to a set of random markers placed Avr2 on linkage group VI. Of the six Avr genes, five were located on the most distal part of the linkage group, possibly close to the telomere. The high-density mapping was initiated to facilitate future positional cloning of P. infestans Avr genes.

scholarly journals Late Blight Resistance Screening of Major Wild Swedish Solanum Species: S. dulcamara, S. nigrum, and S. physalifolium

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibrom B. Abreha ◽  
Åsa Lankinen ◽  
Laura Masini ◽  
Sofia Hydbom ◽  
Erik Andreasson
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Growth Difference

To understand the contribution of wild Solanum species to the epidemiology of potato late blight in Sweden, we characterized the resistance of the three putative alternative hosts: S. physalifolium, S. nigrum, and S. dulcamara to Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. The pathogen sporulated in all 10 investigated S. physalifolium genotypes, suggesting susceptibility (S phenotype). Field-grown S. physalifolium was naturally infected but could regrow, though highly infected genotypes were smaller at the end of the season. In 75 S. nigrum genotypes, there were no symptoms (R phenotype) or a lesion restricted to the point of inoculation (RN phenotype), indicating resistance. In 164 S. dulcamara genotypes, most resistance variability was found within sibling groups. In addition to the three resistance phenotypes (R, RN, and S), in S. dulcamara a fourth new resistance phenotype (SL) was identified with lesions larger than the point of inoculation but without visible sporulation of the pathogen. Quantitative PCR confirmed P. infestans growth difference in RN, SL, and S phenotypes. Thus, in Sweden S. physalifolium is susceptible and could be a player in epidemiology. A limited role of S. dulcamara leaves in the epidemiology of late blight was suggested, since no major symptoms have been found in the field.

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