Effect of drying time, ambient temperature and pre-soaks on prion-infected tissue contamination levels on surgical stainless steel: concerns over prolonged transportation of instruments from theatre to central sterile service departments

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P. Lipscomb ◽  
H. Pinchin ◽  
R. Collin ◽  
C.W. Keevil
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Tissue Contamination ◽  
Service Departments ◽  
Contamination Levels

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

Recovery in 15%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steel after Large Strain Deformation

2007 ◽  
Vol 558-559 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Andrey Belyakov ◽  
Kaneaki Tsuzaki ◽  
Yoshisato Kimura ◽  
Yoshinao Mishima
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Subgrain Size ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Cumulative Strain

15%Cr ferritic stainless steel was machined in rectangular samples and then processed by multiple forging to a total cumulative strain of 7.2 at an ambient temperature. The large strain deformation resulted in almost equiaxed submicrocrystalline structure with a mean grain/subgrain size of 230 nm and about 2.2×1014 m-2 dislocation density in grain/subgrain interiors. The annealing at a relatively low temperature of 500oC did not lead to any discontinuous recrystallizations. The grain/subgrain size and the interior dislocation density slightly changed to 240 nm and 2.1×1014 m-2, respectively, after annealing for 30 min, while the Vickers hardness decreased from 3140 MPa in the as-processed state to 2900 MPa. This annealing softening was attributed to remarkable release (by 50%) of internal stresses, which are associated with a non-equilibrium character of strain-induced grain/subgrain boundaries.

Preparation and Property Study of Core-Shell Ambient-Temperature Crosslinkable Polyacrylate Binder

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Li ◽  
Xiao Song Lin ◽  
Xiao Yu Li ◽  
Hai Qiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Acrylic Polymer ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Water Based

As the binder of waterborne inks, the capability of acrylic polymer has great influences on the quality of inks. In this contribution, structured latex particles with a poly (stryrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylate) core and a poly (butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid-diacetone acrylamide (DAAM)) shell, which can be used as binders of water-based ink, were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The emulsion can cure in the course of film forming at ambient temperature through the reaction between DAAM and the adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the structures and study the properties of the latices. The drying time of the crosslinking latices was investigated. In addition, influences of DAAM monomer dosage and the mole ratio of DAAM to ADH on the mechanical properties of self-crosslinkable core-shell latices were also discussed. It was found that the core-shell crosslinkable particles with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) core and a high Tg shell have better film properties and would be more applicable to binders of water-based ink for plastic film, in comparison with those particles with a high Tg core and a low Tg shell.

Transfer of Salmonella and Campylobacter from Stainless Steel to Romaine Lettuce†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2231-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA M. MOORE ◽  
BRIAN W. SHELDON ◽  
LEE-ANN JAYKUS
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Handling Practices

The degree of transfer of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was evaluated from a stainless steel contact surface to a ready-to-eat food (lettuce). Stainless steel coupons (25 cm2) were inoculated with a 20-μl drop of either C. jejuni or Salmonella Typhimurium to provide an inoculum level of ~106 CFU/28 mm2. Wet and dry lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) pieces (9 cm2) were placed onto the inoculated stainless steel surface for 10 s after the designated inoculum drying time (0 to 80 min for C. jejuni; 0 to 120 min for Salmonella Typhimurium), which was followed by the recovery and enumeration of transferred pathogens (lettuce) and residual surface pathogens (stainless steel coupons). For transfers of Salmonella Typhimurium to dry lettuce, there was an increase from 36 to 66% in the percent transfer of the initial inoculum load during the first 60 min of sampling and then a precipitous drop from 66 to 6% in percent transfer. The transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium to wet lettuce ranged from 23 to 31%, with no statistically significant difference between recoveries over the entire 120-min sampling period. For C. jejuni, the mean percent transfer ranged from 16 to 38% for dry lettuce and from 15 to 27% for wet lettuce during the 80-min sampling period. The results of this study indicate that relatively high numbers of bacteria may be transferred to a food even 1 to 2 h after surface contamination. These findings can be used to support future projects aimed at estimating the degree of risk associated with poor handling practices of ready-to-eat foods.

Influence of Sigma Phase Precipitation on Pitting Corrosion of 2507 Super-Duplex Stainless Steel

2010 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
De Ning Zou ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun Hui Yu ◽  
Yuan Yuan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Super Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Σ Phase ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

Specimens of 2507 super-duplex stainless steel aging at 850°C for 5 min, 15 min and 60 min were investigated to evaluate the pitting corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution at 30°C and 50°C. The results are correlated with the microstructures obtained with different aging time. The precipitation of σ phase remarkably decreases the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel and the specimen aged for 60 min presents the lowest pitting potential at both 30°C and 50°C. With increasing the ambient temperature from 30°C to 50°C, the pitting potential exhibits a reduction tendency, while this tendency is less obviously in enhancing the ambient temperature than in extending the isothermal aging duration from 5 to 60 min. SEM analysis shows that the surrounding regions of σ phase are the preferable sites for the formation of corrosion pits which grew up subsequently. This may be attributed to the lower content of corrosion resistance elements in these regions formatted with σ phase precipitation.

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