Soluble dietary fibre partially hydrolysed guar gum markedly impacts on postprandial hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and incretins metabolic hormones over time in healthy and glucose intolerant subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra P. Kapoor ◽  
Noriyuki Ishihara ◽  
Tsutomu Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Postprandial Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Effect of soluble dietary fibre on the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and the acute glycaemic response in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cameron-Smith ◽  
G. R. Collier ◽  
K. O'dea
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre

The postprandial glycaemic response following a meal is reduced with the addition of soluble dietary fibre. The reductions in the glycaemia are thought to be due largely to increased viscosity of the gastrointestinal (GI) contents retarding digestion and absorption. The aims of the present study were to determine the effect that the GI tract has on the viscosity of meals containing different soluble fibres and to determine whether the glycaemic response of a meal (containing the soluble fibre) was predicted by the viscosity of the digesta in the small intestine. High carbohydrate diets containing 70 g soluble fibre (guar gum, xanthan gum or methylcellulose)/kg or 70 g insoluble fibre (wheat bran)/kg were diluted in water to a final fibre concentration of 18 g/kg. Following dilution the wheat bran diet had no measurable viscosity, while the viscosities of the soluble fibre diets were elevated. When the diets were fed to male Sprague–Dawley rats for 2 weeks the viscosities of the stomach and small intestinal digesta were not predicted by the viscosity of the diets measured before ingestion The action of the GI tract on the viscosity of the soluble fibres was investigatedin vitroby dilution of the diets with acidic and neutralizing solutions, mimicking gastric and duodenal secretions. Dilution of diets with either acidic and neutralizing solutions or saline control significantly lowered the viscosity of all diets, while alterations in the pH of the diets had little impact on the resultant viscosity. When fasted rats were orally administered with the differing diets (0.25 g carbohydrate/kg body weight), the postprandial glucose response was reduced following the soluble-fibre-containing meals when compared with the wheat bran-supplemented meal, although the reduction in glycaemia only reached statistical significance with xanthan supplementation. These results indicate that there are large changes in the viscosity of a meal containing soluble fibre following ingestion, and that dilution of the diet by GI secretions is important in determining the resultant viscosity in the small intestine. Furthermore, the large differences in viscosity of the GI contents following consumption of the diets containing the soluble fibres were not predictive of the postprandial glycaemic response.

scholarly journals Unravelling the Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibre Supplementation on Energy Intake and Perceived Satiety in Healthy Adults: Evidence from Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised-Controlled Trials

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nurshabani Salleh ◽  
Ahmad Adli Hamizi Fairus ◽  
Mohd Nizam Zahary ◽  
Naresh Bhaskar Raj ◽  
Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Consumption of soluble dietary fibre is recommended as part of a healthy diet. Evidence has shown that soluble dietary fibre slows gastric emptying, increases perceived satiety and plays a significant role in appetite regulation. This systematic review examined the effects of soluble dietary fibre using randomised-controlled trials (RCTs). Three different electronic databases were used, namely PubMed, Scopus® and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Effect size (Cohen’s d) was calculated based on the intergroup mean difference and standard deviation (SD) followed by Cochran’s Q and I2 determination. The effect size was statistically pooled in the meta-analyses and presented as a forest plot. The risk of bias was high for each study as assessed using the Jadad scale. Meta-analysis of statistically pooled data for guar gum showed a sizeable effect on post-meal energy intake, followed by β-glucan, alginate, polydextrose and pectin, with pooled effect sizes of −0.90, −0.44, −0.42, −0.36 and −0.26, respectively. Guar gum (5 g) effectively reduced energy intake when prepared in milk beverages compared with control milk (p < 0.001). Alginate, when prepared in liquid (5 g) or solid (9 g) meals, effectively reduced energy intake compared with control (p < 0.001). A high dose of polydextrose (25 g) prepared in liquid meal form significantly reduced energy intake (p = 0.01). This study suggests that soluble fibres are not all created equal. Further interventional studies are needed to determine whether combinations of these soluble fibres might have greater effects than individual fibres per se.

scholarly journals Increases in calcium absorption with ingestion of soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate, depend on the caecum in partially nephrectomized and normal rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Masashi Nagata ◽  
Atsutane Ohta ◽  
Takanori Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Intact Rats

Effects of feeding soluble dietary fibre on apparent Ca absorption and the contribution of the caecum to Ca absorption were examined in five-sixths nephrectomized (NPX)and normal rats with or without caecectomy in four experiments. It is known that Ca absorption is lowered by renal failure. In the first experiment the amounts of femur Ca increased linearly with increasing dietary Ca up to 3·0 g Ca/kg diet in intact rats. Partial nephrectomy decreased apparent Ca absorption in rats fed on diets containing 30 and 4·5 g Ca/kg diet. In the NPX groups, Ca absorption in rats fed on the diet containing guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH; 50 g/kg diet; 3·0 g Ca/kg diet) was significantly higher than that in rats fed on a fibre-free diet, and the increase in Ca absorption with GGH feeding was completely abolished by caecectomy. Also, ingestion of GGH increased Ca absorption in normal rats, but not in normal, caecectomized rats. Mg absorption was also increased with GGH feeding and was decreased with caecaectomyin NPX and normal rats. In experiments which used caecectomized rats, coprophagy wasprevented with an anal cup to avoid re-ingestion of faecal Ca. We conclude that ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, GGH, increased apparent Ca absorption in NPX and non-NPX rats, and the caecum was responsible for these increases in Ca absorption.

scholarly journals Ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, polydextrose, increases calcium absorption and bone mineralization in normal and total-gastrectomized rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Takuya Suzuki ◽  
Yoritaka Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre

We previously demonstrated that feeding a highly fermentable and water-soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH) increased intestinal absorption of insoluble Ca salts in total-gastrectomized rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of feeding a less fermentable and water-soluble fibre, polydextrose (PD), on Ca absorption and bone mineralization in the normal and total-gastrectomized rats in comparison with the effects of GGH. Apparent Ca absorption was severely lowered by gastrectomy, and PD feeding (50 g/kg diet) partially restored the reduction of Ca absorption similarly to GGH feeding (50 g/kg diet). PD feeding also increased the Ca absorption in normal rats, but not GGH feeding. Femur Ca concentration was reduced with gastrectomy. Feeding PD for 21 d increased the bone Ca concentration in both normal and gastrectomized rats, but GGH feeding did not. In rats fed PD, pH of the caecal contents was lower than in rats fed fibre-free and GGH diets; however, soluble Ca concentration in the caecal contents was not different between the diet groups. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations were much lower in the PD groups than in the GGH groups. We also examinedin vitroCa absorption by using everted sacs of the small intestine. Addition of PD to the serosal medium of the ileal sacs increased Ca absorption, but addition of GGH did not. These results suggest that the small intestine rather than the large intestine is responsible for the increase in Ca absorption in rats fed PD, and suggests that the mechanism for the increase by PD may be different from that by GGH.

scholarly journals Back in Time for Breakfast: An Analysis of the Changing Breakfast Cereal Aisle

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Emilie Croisier ◽  
Jaimee Hughes ◽  
Stephanie Duncombe ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Over Time

Breakfast cereal improves overall diet quality yet is under constant scrutiny with assertions that the category has not improved over time. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the category of breakfast cereals, the nutritional values, and health claims across eight distinct sub-categories at four time points (2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). An audit of products from four major supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney (Aldi, Coles, IGA, and Woolworths) collected ingredient lists, nutrition information, claims and Health Star Rating (HSR) for biscuits and bites; brans; bubbles, puffs, and flakes; granola and clusters; hot cereal flavoured; hot cereal plain; muesli; breakfast biscuits. The median (IQR) were calculated for energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugars, dietary fibre, and sodium for comparisons over time points by nutrient. Data from 2013 was compared with 2020 (by sub-category and then for a sub-section of common products available at each time point). Product numbers between 2013 (n = 283) and 2020 (n = 543) almost doubled, led by granola and clusters. Whole grain cereals ≥ 8 g/serve made up 67% of products (↑114%). While there were positive changes in nutrient composition over time within the full data set, the most notable changes were in the nutrition composition of cereals marketed as the same product in both years (n = 134); with decreases in mean carbohydrate (2%), sugar (10%) and sodium (16%) (p < 0.000), while protein and total fat increased significantly (p = 0.036; p = 0.021). Claims regarding Dietary Fibre and Whole Grain doubled since 2013. Analysis of sub-categories of breakfast cereal assisted in identifying some changes over time, but products common to both timeframes provided a clearer analysis of change within the breakfast category, following introduction of HSR. Whole grain products were lower in the two target nutrients, sodium and sugars, and well-chosen products represent a better choice within this category.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fibre and tannins from apple pulp on the composition of faeces in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bravo ◽  
F. Saura-Calixto ◽  
I. Goni
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Faecal Weight

The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of apple pulp on weight and composition of faeces. This material is rich in dietary fibre (DF;620 g dry matter/kg) and contains appreciable amounts of polyphenols. Recent reports indicate that both condensed tannins (CT) and soluble polyphenols form cross-links with protein and inhibit digestive enzymes, affecting the protein digestibility, and may produce a stimulation of endogenous nitrogen excretion. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on either a control diet free of DF or a diet containing 100 g apple pulp DF/kg during 7 d after a 4 d adaptation period. Body-weight and food intake were monitored daily and faeces and urine were collected once daily. DF, water content and polyphenolic compounds were measured in faeces, and N content in both faeces and urine. Faecal weight increased in the fibre group by 280 and 240% when compared with wet and dry faecal weights of animals fed on the fibre-free diet. Soluble dietary fibre (SDF) excreted in faeces was 10.9% of the SDF ingested, which suggested a low resistance to fermentation of this fraction. Of the insoluble DF, 43% of the ingested fibre was fermented. Polyphenols were degraded in the intestinal tract. Of the ingested CT, 68.6% was recovered in faeces, while the soluble polyphenols were extensively degraded (85.7% of that ingested). On the other hand, a higher faecal N excretion was observed for the fibre-fed group, suggesting a decrease in the digestibility of the dietary protein and lower apparent digestibility and N balance indices.

Investigation of mechanisms involved in postprandial glycemia and insulinemia attenuation with dietary fibre consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Repin ◽  
Brittney A. Kay ◽  
Steve W. Cui ◽  
Amanda J. Wright ◽  
Alison M. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre

This work examines the mechanisms involved in the attenuation of postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses associated with soluble dietary fibre (SDF) consumption.

scholarly journals Production and characterisation of alcohol-insoluble dietary fibre as a potential sourcefor functional carbohydrates produced by enzymatic depolymerisation of buckwheat hulls

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Im ◽  
K.Y. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Fibre ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Soluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Commercial Enzymes ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fibre

We examined the potential use of buckwheat hulls as a raw material for producing soluble dietary fibre. The insoluble fibre fraction obtained from buckwheat hulls was hydrolysed by two commercial enzymes (Celluclast 1.5L for the cellulose fraction and Viscozyme L for the hemicellulose fraction) to obtain soluble fibre hydrolysates. Alcohol-insoluble dietary fibre (AIF) was separated from the freeze-dried soluble hydrolysate by treatment with 85% ethanol. The water-holding, oil-binding, and swelling capacities of AIF were increased by enzymatic hydrolysis. AIF had significantly (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) higher functional properties than the control. AIF from the hemicellulose fraction effectively hindered the diffusion of glucose and bile acid from dialysis membranes, and had a significantly (P &lt; 0.05) greater bile acid inhibitory effect than carboxymethylcellulose or pectin. It can be concluded that AIF from buckwheat hulls by enzymatic hydrolysis can used as dietary supplement and additive in the food industry.

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