Building blocks of bias: Gender composition predicts male and female group members’ evaluations of each other and the group

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1209-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa V. West ◽  
Madeline E. Heilman ◽  
Lindy Gullett ◽  
Corinne A. Moss-Racusin ◽  
Joe C. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Group Members

Equal Performance, Different Grade: Women’s Performance in Discussion Perceived Worse Than Men’s

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722199221
Author(s):  
Angela R. Dorrough ◽  
Monika Leszczyńska ◽  
Sandra Werner ◽  
Lovis Schaeffer ◽  
Anna-Sophie Galley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Female Performance ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Hidden Profile ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

We investigate how men and women are evaluated in group discussions. In five studies ( N = 761) using a variant of a Hidden Profile Task, we find that, when experimentally and/or statistically controlling for actual gender differences in behavior, the female performance in a group discussion is devalued in comparison to male performance. This was observed for fellow group members (Study 1) and outside observers (Studies 2–5), in both primarily student (Studies 1, 4, and 5) and mixed samples (Studies 2 and 3), for different measures of performance (perceived helpfulness of the contribution, for work-related competence), across different discussion formats (preformulated chat messages, open chat), and when controlling for the number of female group members (Study 5). In contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find a moderating effect of selection procedure in that women were devalued to a similar degree in both situations with a women’s quota and without.

Game efficiency of elite male sitting volleyball players with regard to athletes’ physical impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Marszałek ◽  
Bartosz Molik ◽  
Miguel-Angel Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Classification Procedures ◽  
Game Performance

The aim of this study was to illustrate differences in game efficiency in sitting volleyball of male and female elite athletes in terms of players’ impairment. Game analysis was conducted during World Championships in Sitting Volleyball in 2014. Modified Game Performance Sheet for Sitting Volleyball was used to assess players’ actions: attack, serve, block, block of serve, defense, and ball receiving. Coleman’s formulas were counted to obtain game efficiency of athletes. In statistics, Kruskal–Wallis test and Bonferroni correction were used (p value was set equal .005 and .003, respectively, in male and female group). 128 male and 91 female sitting volleyball athletes were included into this study. They were divided into groups in terms of impairment. There were no statistically significant differences in anthropometric parameters in male and female groups of players. Also, there were not statistically significant differences in game efficiency between players with different impairments in male as well as in female groups. This study did not confirm the current classification system in sitting volleyball (division into minimal disabled and disabled athletes). There is a need to continue research and find more evidences to substantiate or to change the current classification procedures in classification system in sitting volleyball.

Childhood behaviour and adult personality in male and female subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Af Klinteberg ◽  
Daisy Schalling ◽  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Motor Restlessness ◽  
Female Subjects

In a follow‐up study, teacher ratings of behaviour at 13 years of age were analysed in relation to personality factors in adults (mean age 27 years) for a group of 77 male and 84 female subjects. In the male group, ratings of Aggressiveness, Motor Restlessness, and Concentration Dificulties correlated positively with a broad psychopathy‐related factor. Furthermore, ratings of Timidity correlated positively with two anxiety factors. In the female group, ratings of Motor Restlessness correlated positively with an extraversion factor. The rated childhood behaviours and the adult personality factors were assumed to be a differential reflection of vulnerability to externalizing and internalizing psychosocial disturbances.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN LEMBAR KERJA PESETA DIDIK (LKPD) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERFIKIR FLEKSIBEL PADA MATERI FISIKA DITINJAU DARI PERBEDAAN GENDER DI SMA NEGERI 11 BANDA ACEH

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Nurul Fajri Saminan ◽  
Mahyana Mahyana
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Student Work ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flexible Thinking ◽  
Kinetic Gas Theory ◽  
Banda Aceh

A study has been conducted on the use of Student Work Sheets (LKPD) to improve Flexible thinking skills in terms of gender differences. The research was conducted at SMAN 11 Banda Aceh. Flexible thinking is the ability to generate varied answers or ideas and can see a problem from different perspectives. LKPD is a sheet containing tasks that are usually in the form of instructions and steps to complete the task. Both classes are male and female class using LKPD method. The method used is one-group pretest posttest design. Data collection is done by technique of description test that is to measure Flexible thinking skill. The results showed that there were differences in the increase of male and female group of students to Flexible thinking skill with the use of LKPD on kinetic gas theory material with significance value 0,05 and Fhitung (1,85)

Establishment of the Standardized Uptake Values of 99mTc-MDP in Normal Vertebrae for SPECT/CT Quantification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Qi ◽  
Qingyuan Meng ◽  
Zhiwen You ◽  
Huiqian Chen ◽  
Yi Shou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract PurposeTo establish the standardized uptake value (SUV) of Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) for normal vertebra in both Chinese male and female by using a SPECT/CT scanner.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out involving 116 men and 105 women who underwent SPECT/CT scan using 99mTc-MDP. We acquired the SUV, CT value of 2416 normal vertebra in total and analyzed the difference of SUV between men and women. We analyzed the vertebra data with no significant difference of SUVmax in male and female group. The correlations between SUVmax value and CT value, age, height, weight in each group were also analyzed.ResultsThe SUVmax, SUVmean of vertebra in men were markedly higher than those in women(P < 0.0009). Specifically, for males, the SUVmax of C1, C2-4 and C5-L5 vertebra appeared to have significant differences(P < 0.05), while no significant difference of the SUVmax of C1-L5 vertebra were observed in females(P < 0.05). The SUVmax of each vertebral segment showed a strong negative correlation with CT values in both men and women(r=-0.89,-0.92;P < 0.0009). The SUVmax of vertebra showed weak significant correlation with weight and height in male (r = 0.4,P < 0.0009;r = 0.28,P = 0.005),and weak significant correlation with weight in females(r = 0.32,P = 0.009).ConclusionThis article study initially established SUVmax, SUVavgmean of normal vertebra in both Chinese men and women with a large sample population,and summarized the SUVmax of vertebra with no significant difference. The results could provide a quantitative reference for clinical diagnosis and the evaluation of therapeutic response in vertebral lesions.

scholarly journals Age- and Gender-Related Changes in Ligament Components

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Osakabe ◽  
M Hayashi ◽  
K Hasegawa ◽  
T Okuaki ◽  
T M Ritty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
And Gender

The age- and gender-related changes in extracellular matrix components (elastin, elastin cross-links, fibrillin, collagen and glycoprotein) and mineral components (calcium, Ca; phosphorus, P) in human lumbar yellow ligaments were investigated using samples obtained from surgical specimens. The mineral (Ca and P) contents increased with ageing ( r=0·703 and r=0·772, respectively), whereas the contents of matrix components tended to decrease with ageing (elastin r= −0·261, elastin cross-links r= −0·213, fibrillin r= −0·494; collagen r= −0·322 and glycoprotein r= −0·143). Comparison of the male and female groups revealed that the ligament elastin content and elastin cross-links decreased in the male group, whereas the ligament collagen content decreased in the female group significantly in an age-dependent manner ( r= −0·788, r= −0·753 and r= −0·721, respectively). These findings demonstrate age- and gender-related changes in mineral and matrix components (especially elastin and collagen) in the lumbar yellow ligaments in the Japanese population. It is suggested that elastin and collagen metabolism in ligaments changes both with age and according to gender.

scholarly journals Exploitative leaders incite intergroup warfare in a social mammal

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (47) ◽  
pp. 29759-29766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufus A. Johnstone ◽  
Michael A. Cant ◽  
Dominic Cram ◽  
Faye J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Female Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Term Data

Collective conflicts among humans are widespread, although often highly destructive. A classic explanation for the prevalence of such warfare in some human societies is leadership by self-serving individuals that reap the benefits of conflict while other members of society pay the costs. Here, we show that leadership of this kind can also explain the evolution of collective violence in certain animal societies. We first extend the classic hawk−dove model of the evolution of animal aggression to consider cases in which a subset of individuals within each group may initiate fights in which all group members become involved. We show that leadership of this kind, when combined with inequalities in the payoffs of fighting, can lead to the evolution of severe intergroup aggression, with negative consequences for population mean fitness. We test our model using long-term data from wild banded mongooses, a species characterized by frequent intergroup conflicts that have very different fitness consequences for male and female group members. The data show that aggressive encounters between groups are initiated by females, who gain fitness benefits from mating with extragroup males in the midst of battle, whereas the costs of fighting are borne chiefly by males. In line with the model predictions, the result is unusually severe levels of intergroup violence. Our findings suggest that the decoupling of leaders from the costs that they incite amplifies the destructive nature of intergroup conflict.

Collaborative Problem-Solving with Logo: Effects of Group Size and Group Composition

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Guntermann ◽  
Mariela Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Collaborative Problem ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Mixed Groups

This study investigated productivity in individuals versus groups of two or three as well as the interaction processes underlying differences between dyads and triads and differences between male, female or mixed groups learning LOGO on microcomputers. Thirty-six students aged ten learned LOGO individually or in groups of two or three for one session, had a practice session, then were required to produce a graphic in LOGO for the experimental session. No differences were found between individuals and groups, in terms of productivity. Group interaction (as measured by the Bales Interaction Process Analysis [1], was found to be similar in two and three person groups. However, significant ( p < .05) differences were observed among male, female, and mixed groups. The direction of these differences were as follows: males displayed more solidarity than females or mixed groups, the female group members were much more likely to express agreement with their peers than were members of the males group. There was also more asking of information in the male groups than the female groups. Finally, males expressed much more antagonism than females or mixed groups. These results are discussed in light of previous studies in this area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document