Tos17 insertion in NADH-dependent glutamate synthase genes leads to an increase in grain protein content in rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Imagawa ◽  
Haruka Minagawa ◽  
Yosuke Nakayama ◽  
Keiichi Kanno ◽  
Toshihiko Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein

Isolation and characterisation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GSe) genes and association with grain protein content in durum wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Gadaleta ◽  
Domenica Nigro ◽  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Angelica Giancaspro ◽  
Stefania L. Giove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
Cytosolic Glutamine Synthetase

Glutamine synthetase (GS) enzyme (EC 6.3.1.2) plays a central role in assimilating ammonia produced in the leaf from metabolic processes, spanning from assimilation to transamination reactions and catabolic processes. GS is located in both cytoplasm (GS1, GSe and GSr) and plastids (GS2) of plant cells. Glutamine and glutamate, produced by the concerted action of GS and glutamate synthase, are then transported from the leaf to the developing sinks or grain in wheat. The goal of the present study was to characterise GSe genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content, an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Here, we report the isolation of the complete cytosolic GS gene sequences of the durum wheat cvv. ‘Ciccio’ and ‘Svevo’ (characterised by low and high protein content, respectively). GSe-A4 located on 4A chromosome comprises 12 exons separated by 11 introns, while the GSe-B4 gene on 4B chromosome comprises 11 exons separated by 10 introns. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated different expression levels of GSe-A4 and GSe-B4 genes in the two wheat cvv. ‘Ciccio’ and ‘Svevo’. The two GSe genes were significantly associated to quantitative trait loci for grain protein content.

scholarly journals Allelic Variants of Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Synthase Genes in a Collection of Durum Wheat and Association with Grain Protein Content

Diversity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenica Nigro ◽  
Stefania Fortunato ◽  
Stefania Giove ◽  
Giacomo Mangini ◽  
Ines Yacoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Allelic Variants

Relation of grain protein content and some agronomic traits in European cultivars of winter wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mladenov ◽  
B. Banjac ◽  
A. Krishna ◽  
M. Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein

scholarly journals Mutant Lines of Spring Wheat with Increased Iron, Zinc, and Micronutrients in Grains and Enhanced Bioavailability for Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Alfia Abekova ◽  
Saule Atabayeva ◽  
Gulzira Yernazarova ◽  
Nargul Omirbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Stable Mutant ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Mutant Lines

Deficiency of metals, primarily Fe and Zn, affects over half of the world’s population. Human diets dominated by cereal products cause micronutrient malnutrition, which is common in many developing countries where populations depend heavily on staple grain crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. Biofortification is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate malnutrition. Genetically stable mutant spring wheat lines (M7 generation) produced via 100 or 200 Gy gamma treatments to broaden genetic variation for grain nutrients were analyzed for nutritionally important minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn), their bioavailability, and grain protein content (GPC). Variation was 172.3–883.0 mg/kg for Ca, 40.9–89.0 mg/kg for Fe, and 22.2–89.6 mg/kg for Zn. In mutant lines, among the investigated minerals, the highest increases in concentrations were observed in Fe, Zn, and Ca when compared to the parental cultivar Zhenis. Some mutant lines, mostly in the 100 Gy-derived germplasm, had more than two-fold higher Fe, Zn, and Ca concentrations, lower phytic acid concentration (1.4–2.1-fold), and 6.5–7% higher grain protein content compared to the parent. Variation was detected for the molar ratios of Ca:Phy, Phy:Fe, and Phy:Zn (1.27–10.41, 1.40–5.32, and 1.78–11.78, respectively). The results of this study show how genetic variation generated through radiation can be useful to achieve nutrient biofortification of crops to overcome human malnutrition.

Optimizing Maize Yield, Nitrogen Efficacy and Grain Protein Content under Different N Forms and Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah O. Ochieng’ ◽  
Harun I. Gitari ◽  
Benson Mochoge ◽  
Esmaeil Rezaei-Chiyaneh ◽  
Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein

scholarly journals Grain protein content variation and its association analysis in barley

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengguan Cai ◽  
Gang Yu ◽  
Xianhong Chen ◽  
Yechang Huang ◽  
Xiaogang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Content Variation

scholarly journals Structural Analysis of the Wheat Genes Encoding NADH-Dependent Glutamine-2-oxoglutarate Amidotransferases and Correlation with Grain Protein Content

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e73751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenica Nigro ◽  
Yong Q. Gu ◽  
Naxin Huo ◽  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Antonio Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Genes Encoding

scholarly journals Wheat Grain Protein Content under Mediterranean Conditions Measured with Chlorophyll Meter

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Marta Aranguren ◽  
Ander Castellón ◽  
Ana Aizpurua
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Different Sources

Adequate N fertilisation is crucial to increase the grain protein content (GPC) values in wheat. The recommended level of GPC needed to achieve high-quality bread-making flour should be higher than 12.5%. However, it is difficult to ensure the GPC values that the crop will achieve because N in grain is derived from two different sources: N remobilized into the grain from N accumulated in the pre-anthesis period, and N absorbed from the soil in the post-anthesis period. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the effect of the application of N on the rate of stem elongation (GS30) when farmyard manures are applied as initial fertilisers on GPC and on the chlorophyll meter (CM) values at mid-anthesis (GS65), (ii) establish a relationship between the CM values at GS65 and GPC, and (iii) determine a minimum CM value at GS65 to obtain GPC values above 12.5%. Three field trials were performed in three consecutive growing seasons, and different N fertilisation doses were applied. Readings using the CM Yara N-TesterTM were taken at GS65. The type of initial fertiliser did not affect the GPC and CM values. Generally, the greater the N application at GS30 is, the higher the GPC and CM values are. CM values can help to estimate GPC values only when yields are below 8000 kg ha−1. Additionally, CM values at GS65 should be higher than 700 to achieve high-quality bread-making flour (12.5%) at such yield levels. These results will allow farmers and cooperatives to make better decisions regarding late-nitrogen fertilisation and wheat sales.

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