Study of grain cell wall structures by microscopic analysis with four different staining techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmie Dornez ◽  
Ulla Holopainen ◽  
Sven Cuyvers ◽  
Kaisa Poutanen ◽  
Jan A. Delcour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Staining Techniques

Study of grain cell wall structures by microscopic analysis with four different staining techniques

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmie Dornez ◽  
Ulla Holopainen ◽  
Sven Cuyvers ◽  
Kaisa Poutanen ◽  
Jan A. Delcour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Staining Techniques

SEM and fluorescence imaging of callose deposition in root hair tips and suspension cultures of Streptanthus tortuosus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
K.S. Walters ◽  
R.D. Sjolund ◽  
K.C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Ultraviolet Illumination ◽  
Callose Formation

Callose, B-1,3-glucan, a component of cell walls, is associated with phloem sieve plates, plasmodesmata, and other cell wall structures that are formed in response to wounding or infection. Callose reacts with aniline blue to form a fluorescent complex that can be recognized in the light microscope with ultraviolet illumination. We have identified callose in cell wall protuberances that are formed spontaneously in suspension-cultured cells of S. tortuosus and in the tips of root hairs formed in sterile callus cultures of S. tortuosus. Callose deposits in root hairs are restricted to root hair tips which appear to be damaged or deformed, while normal root hair tips lack callose deposits. The callose deposits found in suspension culture cells are restricted to regions where unusual outgrowths or protuberances are formed on the cell surfaces, specifically regions that are the sites of new cell wall formation.Callose formation has been shown to be regulated by intracellular calcium levels.

scholarly journals Identification of Components of the Sigma B Regulon in Listeria monocytogenes That Contribute to Acid and Salt Tolerance

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (22) ◽  
pp. 6848-6858 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Abram ◽  
E. Starr ◽  
K. A. G. Karatzas ◽  
K. Matlawska-Wasowska ◽  
A. Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sigma B ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Sigma B (σB) is an alternative sigma factor that controls the transcriptional response to stress in Listeria monocytogenes and is also known to play a role in the virulence of this human pathogen. In the present study we investigated the impact of a sigB deletion on the proteome of L. monocytogenes grown in a chemically defined medium both in the presence and in the absence of osmotic stress (0.5 M NaCl). Two new phenotypes associated with the sigB deletion were identified using this medium. (i) Unexpectedly, the strain with the ΔsigB deletion was found to grow faster than the parent strain in the growth medium, but only when 0.5 M NaCl was present. This phenomenon was independent of the carbon source provided in the medium. (ii) The ΔsigB mutant was found to have unusual Gram staining properties compared to the parent, suggesting that σB contributes to the maintenance of an intact cell wall. A proteomic analysis was performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, using cells growing in the exponential and stationary phases. Overall, 11 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the wild type and the ΔsigB mutant; 10 of these proteins were expressed at lower levels in the mutant, and 1 was overexpressed in the mutant. All 11 proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry, and putative functions were assigned based on homology to proteins from other bacteria. Five proteins had putative functions related to carbon utilization (Lmo0539, Lmo0783, Lmo0913, Lmo1830, and Lmo2696), while three proteins were similar to proteins whose functions are unknown but that are known to be stress inducible (Lmo0796, Lmo2391, and Lmo2748). To gain further insight into the role of σB in L. monocytogenes, we deleted the genes encoding four of the proteins, lmo0796, lmo0913, lmo2391, and lmo2748. Phenotypic characterization of the mutants revealed that Lmo2748 plays a role in osmotolerance, while Lmo0796, Lmo0913, and Lmo2391 were all implicated in acid stress tolerance to various degrees. Invasion assays performed with Caco-2 cells indicated that none of the four genes was required for mammalian cell invasion. Microscopic analysis suggested that loss of Lmo2748 might contribute to the cell wall defect observed in the ΔsigB mutant. Overall, this study highlighted two new phenotypes associated with the loss of σB. It also demonstrated clear roles for σB in both osmotic and low-pH stress tolerance and identified specific components of the σB regulon that contribute to the responses observed.

scholarly journals AtSYP71 Is Important for Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Stress Adaptation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Kou ◽  
Hailong Zhang ◽  
Xiaonan Zhao ◽  
Mingjing Wang ◽  
Guochen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Confocal Images

Abstract Background: SYP71, the plant-specific Qc-SNARE protein, is reported to regulate vesicle trafficking. SYP71 is localized on the ER, endosome, plasma membrane and cell plate, suggesting its multiple functions. Lotus SYP71 is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in nodules. AtSYP71, GmSYP71 and OsSYP71 are implicated in plant resistance to pathogenesis. To date, SYP71 regulatory role on plant development remain unclear.Results: AtSYP71-knockout mutant atsyp71-4 was lethal at early development stage. Early development of AtSYP71-knockdown mutant atsyp71-2 was delayed, and stress response was also affected. Confocal images revealed that protein secretion was blocked in atsyp71-2. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that metabolism, response to environmental stimuli pathways and apoplast components were influenced in atsyp71-2. Moreover, the contents of lignin, cellulose and flavonoids as well as cell wall structures were also altered.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that AtSYP71 is essential for plant development. AtSYP71 probably regulates plant development, metabolism and environmental adaptation by affecting cell wall homeostasis via mediating secretion of materials and regulators required for cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics.

scholarly journals Downregulation of p‐COUMAROYL ESTER3‐HYDROXYLASEin rice leads to altered cell wall structures and improves biomass saccharification

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Takeda ◽  
Yuki Tobimatsu ◽  
Steven D. Karlen ◽  
Taichi Koshiba ◽  
Shiro Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biomass Saccharification ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Altered Cell

Differential pulp cell wall structures lead to diverse fruit textures in apple (Malus domestica)

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Peihua Cong ◽  
Jiali He ◽  
Haidong Bu ◽  
Sijun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Pulp Cell ◽  
Wall Structures

scholarly journals Glycome and Proteome Components of Golgi Membranes Are Common between Two Angiosperms with Distinct Cell-Wall Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1094-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikenna O. Okekeogbu ◽  
Sivakumar Pattathil ◽  
Susana M. González Fernández-Niño ◽  
Uma K. Aryal ◽  
Bryan W. Penning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Distinct Cell
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