Using of ecofriendly α-hydroxycarbonyls as reducing agents to replace sodium dithionite in indigo dyeing processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizar Meksi ◽  
Manel Ben Ticha ◽  
Moez Kechida ◽  
Mohamed Farouk Mhenni
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Indigo Dyeing

scholarly journals The synergetic effect of α-hydroxycarbonyls mixtures used as green reducing agent on the indigo dyeing process

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ticha Ben ◽  
Nizar Meksi ◽  
Neila Drira ◽  
Moez Kechida ◽  
Mohammed Mhenni
Keyword(s):  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Indigo Dyeing ◽  
Indigo Reduction ◽  
Quadratic Models

Textile Industries use different chemicals in dyeing processes, consuming large quantities of water and producing large volumes of wastewater. For the particular case of indigo dyeing processes, its reduction is performed chemically by the addition of sodium dithionite. However, this is considered environmentally unfavorable because of the resulting contaminated wastewaters. Therefore, it is important to replace sodium dithionite with other alternatives in order to achieve cleaner processes. ?-hydroxycarbonyls have been suggested as possible environmentally friendly alternatives to reduce indigo. However, each one applied alone is enable to attain the dyeing performances offered by the conventional reductant. Thus , the study of the synergy of some selected ?-hydroxycarbonyls was proposed. In this paper, a mixture design of experimental (DOE) methods was used to determine the optimum combination of ?-hydrxycarbonyls to be applied in the indigo reduction process. Based on the design expert software, quadratic models were established as functions of ?-hydroxycarbonyls proportions. The diagnostics of models were investigated by using mixture contour plots. Finally, a model was proposed to predict the optimum conditions leading to dyeing performances exceeding those obtained from the reduction of indigo by the conventional sodium dithionite.

The physiology of infective processes of nematode parasites; the stimulus from the animal host

1960 ◽  
Vol 152 (948) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis

The processes by which larvae of Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus , and eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (pig strain), Ascaridia galli , and Toxocara mystax infect the host have been studied. A stimulus from the host, depending for its activity on the concentration of undissociated carbonic acid, and on the Eh and pH, was required to start development of the parasite. The stimulus caused larvae to produce ‘exsheathing fluid’ which completed the second moult, or it caused the production of a ‘hatching fluid’ so that the eggs hatched. In bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffers containing reducing agents under mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide the exsheathment of larvae of Trichostrongylus axei and Haemonchus contortus increased as the concentration of the undissociated carbonic acid was increased. A concentration of 0·5 × 10 -3 m caused 70 % of the larvae of Trichostrongylus axei to exsheath at pH 7·3 in 0·02m-sodium dithionite in 3 h at 37 °C. More than 1·5 × 10 -3 m was necessary to get similar results with Haemonchus contortus . These species differed from all the others because their exsheathment was not inhibited by high concentrations of undissociated carbonic acid. At pH 6·0 the relative activity of reducing agents was sodium dithionite > cysteine > ascorbic acid. At pH 7·3 the activity of cysteine and ascorbic acid relative to sodium dithionite was increased. Larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis exsheathed readily in hydrochloric acid between pH 1·5 and 2·5 when the concentration of undissociated carbonic acid was 5 × 10 -3 m. Cysteine did not increase the exsheathment. The eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides , Ascaridia galli and Toxocara mystax hatched in bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffers containing reducing agents under nitrogen-carbon dioxide if the concentration of undissociated carbonic acid was about 0·25 × 10 -3 m at pH 7·3. For the hatching of eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides at pH 7·3 the activity of the reducing agents was sodium dithionite > cysteine > ascorbic acid. In all the species which were examined except Trichostrongylus colubriformis the undissociated carbonic acid was more effective at a higher pH. And, as a rule, reducing agents were relatively less effective at higher concentrations of undissociated carbonic acid. The addition of sodium chloride up to 0·1m and sodium taurocholate up to 0·05m usually increased activity. The stimulus for exsheathment was effective within 15 min for larvae of T. axei and 30 min for Haemonchus contortus . Though at these times only a few larvae had exsheathed, during subsequent incubation in water exsheathment often rose to 80 % in 3 h. Longer periods were necessary for the stimulus to act on eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and hatching seldom rose by more than 30 % after the stimulus was removed. The process whereby the host provides a stimulus for the resumption of development of the parasite is related to specificity and the site of infection. It is suggested that suspension of development in the infective stage and the dependence upon the host for restarting development may be an adaptation to parasitism.

scholarly journals Comparison of sodium dithionite and glucose as a reducing agent for natural indigo dyeing on cotton fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksanawadee Saikhao ◽  
Jantip Setthayanond ◽  
Thitinun Karpkird ◽  
Potjanart Suwanruji
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Indigo Dyeing

Environment-friendly nanocellulose-indigo dyeing of textiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Rai ◽  
Raha Saremi ◽  
Suraj Sharma ◽  
Sergiy Minko
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Indigo Dyeing ◽  
Blue Jeans

Dyeing of one pair of denim blue jeans consumes about 50-100 liters of water loaded with toxic reducing agents and alkali that remain effluent in wastewater. Here we introduce environmentally...

Green reducing agents for indigo dyeing on cotton fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksanawadee Saikhao ◽  
Jantip Setthayanond ◽  
Thitinun Karpkird ◽  
Thomas Bechtold ◽  
Potjanart Suwanruji
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Indigo Dyeing

Methods for the Concentration of Bovine Ac-Globulin (Factor V)

1961 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo H. Landaburu ◽  
Walter H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The Stability

SummaryAn attempt was made to obtain Ac-globulin from bovine plasma. The concentrates contain mostly protein, and phosphorus is also present. The stability characteristics vary from one preparation to another, but in general there was no loss before 1 month in a deep freeze or before 1 week in an icebox, or before 5 hours at room temperature. Reducing agents destroy the activity rapidly. S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride is an effective stabilizing agent. Greatest stability was at pH 6.0.In the purification bovine plasma is adsorbed with barium carbonate and diluted 6-fold with water. Protein is removed at pH 6.0 and the Ac-globulin is precipitated at pH 5.0. Rivanol and alcohol fractionation is followed by chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 or DEAE-cellulose. The final product is obtained by isoelectric precipitation.

The study of the drilling mud fluid loss reducing agents based on carboxymethyl starch and cellulose

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
R.R. Sagitov ◽  
◽  
K.M. Minaev ◽  
A.S. Zakharov ◽  
A.S. Korolev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Carboxymethyl Starch
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