scholarly journals Age estimation by tooth/pulp ratio in canines by peri-apical X-rays: reliability in age determination of Spanish and Italian medieval skeletal remains

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 3048-3058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano De Luca ◽  
Inmaculada Alemán ◽  
Francesca Bertoldi ◽  
Luigi Ferrante ◽  
Paola Mastrangelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals Automated Determination of Bone Age in a Modern Chinese Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Yan Zhang ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Chen-Guo Ma ◽  
Yi-San Han ◽  
Xun-Zhang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Rating Method ◽  
Set Up

Rationale and Objective. Large studies have previously been performed to set up a Chinese bone age reference, but it has been difficult to compare the maturation of Chinese children with populations elsewhere due to the potential variability between raters in different parts of the world. We re-analysed the radiographs from a large study of normal Chinese children using an automated bone age rating method to establish a Chinese bone age reference, and to compare the tempo of maturation in the Chinese with other populations. Materials and Methods. X-rays from 2883 boys and 3143 girls aged 2–20 years from five Chinese cities, taken in 2005, were evaluated using the BoneXpert automated method. Results. Chinese children reached full maturity at the same age as previously studied Asian children from Los Angeles, but 0.6 years earlier than Caucasian children in Los Angeles. The Greulich-Pyle bone age method was adapted to the Chinese population creating a new bone age scale BX-China05. The standard deviation between BX-China05 and chronologic age was 1.01 years in boys aged 8–14, and 1.08 years in girls aged 7–12. Conclusion. By eliminating rater variability, the automated method provides a reliable and efficient standard for bone age determination in China.

Reproduction in the red-legged pademelon, Thylogale stigmatica Gould (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), and age estimation and development of pouch young

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Johnson ◽  
K Vernes
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

The reproduction of Thylogale stigmatica in captivity was studied and a predictive growth equation for age determination of the pouch young was developed. The general pattern of reproduction involved an oestrous cycle of 29-32 days, a gestation period of 28-30 days and a mean pouch life of 184 days. A post-partum oestrus and mating generally followed birth. Births were observed in all months in captivity, and from October to June in the wild. Mean age of weaning of young was 66 days following permanent pouch emergence, and the mean ages at maturity for females and males was 341 and 466 days, respectively.

Automated determination of bone age from hand X-rays at the end of puberty and its applicability for age estimation

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Henrik Thodberg ◽  
Rick R. van Rijn ◽  
Oskar G. Jenni ◽  
David. D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Automated Determination ◽  
End Of Puberty

Reproduction of the spectacled hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), in captivity, with age estimation of the pouch young

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
PM Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Young Females ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
One Year

Lagorchestes conspicillatus has a widespread distribution across northern Australia. Observations were made on reproduction in captive animals and a key produced for age determination of pouch young. Females commence breeding at about one year of age and males when slightly older. Reproduction in this species involved an oestrous cycle of 30 days, a gestation period of 29-31 days and a mean pouch life of 152 days. A postpartum oestrus and mating following a birth was the normal pattern of reproduction.

scholarly journals 2D vs. 3D Radiological Methods for Dental Age Determination around 18 Years: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Domenico Dalessandri ◽  
Ingrid Tonni ◽  
Laura Laffranchi ◽  
Marco Migliorati ◽  
Gaetano Isola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Dental Anatomy

The age of a living human being can be determined by applying a number of different methods; the most diffused are skeletal and dental methods, both principally based on X-rays examinations. This systematic review assesses the current evidence regarding the accuracy and reliability of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) vs. Orthopantomography (OPG) in age determination. A computerized systematic literature search of studies published up to January 2020 was conducted without language restrictions in order to identify articles comparing CBCT vs. OPG in dental anatomy evaluation, articles evaluating the accuracy of dental methods for age estimation, both with CT and OPG exams, and articles comparing CBCT vs. OPG in terms of radiation dose. CBCT was found to be more accurate compared to OPG in dental anatomy evaluation. When analyzing young adults, an estimation error of two years is considered forensically acceptable. The radiation dose of a CBCT exam is higher compared to an OPG exam. However, the difference is not as marked with small Fields Of View (FOV) and low-resolution protocols. Final conclusion was that a small FOV CBCT centered on the mandibular angle of a young patient is an accurate and safe method for dental age estimation around the age of 18.

scholarly journals Age determination of the adult blow fly Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) through quantitative pteridine fluorescence analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-648
Author(s):  
Ronja Estévez Dimitrov ◽  
Jens Amendt ◽  
Florian Rothweiler ◽  
Richard Zehner
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Fluorescence Level ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Set Up

AbstractDetermination of a minimal postmortem interval via age estimation of necrophagous diptera has been restricted to the juvenile stages and the time until emergence of the adult fly, i.e. up until 2–6 weeks depending on species and temperature. Age estimation of adult flies could extend this period by adding the age of the fly to the time needed for complete development. In this context pteridines are promising metabolites, as they accumulate in the eyes of flies with increasing age. We studied adults of the blow fly Lucilia sericata at constant temperatures of 16 °C and 25 °C up to an age of 25 days and estimated their pteridine levels by fluorescence spectroscopy. Age was given in accumulated degree days (ADD) across temperatures. Additionally, a mock case was set up to test the applicability of the method. Pteridine increases logarithmically with increasing ADD, but after 70–80 ADD the increase slows down and the curve approaches a maximum. Sex had a significant impact (p < 4.09 × 10−6) on pteridine fluorescence level, while body-size and head-width did not. The mock case demonstrated that a slight overestimation of the real age (in ADD) only occurred in two out of 30 samples. Age determination of L. sericata on the basis of pteridine levels seems to be limited to an age of about 70 ADD, but depending on the ambient temperature this could cover an extra amount of time of about 5–7 days after completion of the metamorphosis.

Age estimation of barracouta (Thyrsites atun) off southern New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Horn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Frequency Distributions

Age determination of barracouta (Thyrsites atun) by counting translucent zones in whole otoliths was validated by examining the number of zones in otoliths from consecutive juvenile modes and following the progression of a strong year class in age-frequency distributions. Readings from whole otoliths, rather than otolith sections, do not result in under-ageing of this species. The ageing interpretation was supported by the progression of a length mode in commercial catch samples over 5 years. The available data indicated a wide variation in year class strengths between years, a characteristic that was very useful in the validation study. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were calculated, separately by sex, for barracouta from the Southland shelf, New Zealand. Female barracouta reach a significantly larger size than males.

Problems in Thin-Film X-ray Quantification

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
J N Chapman ◽  
W A P Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Characteristic Peak ◽  
Local Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measured Ratio ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Composition Changes

Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) is widely used for the quantitative determination of local composition in thin film specimens. Extraction of quantitative data is usually accomplished by relating the ratio of the number of atoms of two species A and B in the volume excited by the electron beam (nA/nB) to the corresponding ratio of detected characteristic photons (NA/NB) through the use of a k-factor. This leads to an expression of the form nA/nB = kAB NA/NB where kAB is a measure of the relative efficiency with which x-rays are generated and detected from the two species.Errors in thin film x-ray quantification can arise from uncertainties in both NA/NB and kAB. In addition to the inevitable statistical errors, particularly severe problems arise in accurately determining the former if (i) mass loss occurs during spectrum acquisition so that the composition changes as irradiation proceeds, (ii) the characteristic peak from one of the minority components of interest is overlapped by the much larger peak from a majority component, (iii) the measured ratio varies significantly with specimen thickness as a result of electron channeling, or (iv) varying absorption corrections are required due to photons generated at different points having to traverse different path lengths through specimens of irregular and unknown topography on their way to the detector.

Analysis of Fibronectin and TGF-β1 Immunoexpression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Novita ◽  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Bethy S. Hernowo ◽  
Abdul H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Wound Age ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tgf Β1

Wound examination is indispensable in forensic practice. The scientific field of wound age determination has advanced progressively during recent years.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression in both antemortem and postmortem wounds. This study was an experimental with completely randomized design.  The skin wounds (vital and postmortem) were taken from fourty Wistar rats and divided into 10 groups of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds. The result showed that in 30 minutes after antemortem wound infliction, all of samples showed weak reactivity for fibronectin and TGF-β1 (100%).  In first hour after wound infliction, 3 samples (75%) showed weakly positive and 1 sample (25%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 2 hour after wound infliction, 1 sample (25%) showed weakly positive and 3 sample (75%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In 3 and 4 hour after wound infliction, all of samples strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1.  In postmortem wound, all of samples showed negativity for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In conclusion, fibronectin and TGF-β1 may be useful in the determination of wound vitality. Keywords: wound, fibronectin, TGF-β1, vitality

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