scholarly journals Gray matter differences between affective and non-affective first episode psychosis: A review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 564-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calvo ◽  
G. Delvecchio ◽  
A.C. Altamura ◽  
J.C. Soares ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging in first-episode psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Falkenberg ◽  
Stefania Benetti ◽  
Marie Raffin ◽  
Phillipe Wuyts ◽  
William Pettersson-Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Mri Scans

BackgroundThere is no consensus as to whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used as part of the initial clinical evaluation of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP).Aims(a) To assess the logistical feasibility of routine MRI; (b) to define the clinical significance of radiological abnormalities in patients with FEP.MethodRadiological reports from MRI scans of two FEP samples were reviewed; one comprised 108 patients and 98 healthy controls recruited to a research study and the other comprised 241 patients scanned at initial clinical presentation plus 66 healthy controls.ResultsIn the great majority of patients, MRI was logistically feasible. Radiological abnormalities were reported in 6% of the research sample and in 15% of the clinical sample (odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95% CI 1.26–7.57, χ2(1) = 6.63, P = 0.01). None of the findings necessitated a change in clinical management.ConclusionsRates of neuroradiological abnormalities in FEP are likely to be underestimated in research samples that often exclude patients with organic abnormalities. However, the majority of findings do not require intervention.

scholarly journals The clinical utility of structural neuroimaging in first-episode psychosis: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Forbes ◽  
Denes Stefler ◽  
Dennis Velakoulis ◽  
Stephen Stuckey ◽  
Jean-Francois Trudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Background: Australian and US guidelines recommend routine brain imaging, either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, to exclude structural lesions in presentations for first-episode psychosis. The aim of this review was to examine the evidence for the appropriateness and clinical utility of this recommendation by assessing the frequency of abnormal radiological findings in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans among patients with first-episode psychosis. Methods: PubMed and Embase database were searched from inception to April 2018 using appropriate MeSH or Emtree terms. Studies were included in the review if they reported data on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan findings of individuals with first-episode psychosis. No restriction on the geographical location of the study or the age of participants was applied. We calculated the percentage of abnormal radiological findings in each study, separately by the two diagnostic methods. Results: There were 16 suitable studies published between 1988 and 2017, reporting data on an overall 2312 patients with first-episode psychosis. Most were observational studies with a retrospective design and the majority examined patients with computed tomography. While structural abnormalities were a relatively common finding, these rarely required clinical intervention (range across studies: 0–60.7%; median: 3.5%) and were very rarely the cause of the psychotic symptoms (range: 0–3.3%; median: 0%). Only 2 of the 16 studies concluded that brain imaging should be routinely ordered in first-episode psychosis. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to suggest that brain imaging should be routinely ordered for patients presenting with first-episode psychosis without associated neurological or cognitive impairment. The appropriate screening procedure for structural brain lesions is conventional history-taking, mental status and neurological examination. If intracranial pathology is suspected clinically, a magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan should be performed depending on the clinical signs, the acuity and the suspected pathology. National guidelines should reflect evidence-based data.

Structural brain changes in schizophrenia at different stages of the illness: A selective review of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Dietsche ◽  
Tilo Kircher ◽  
Irina Falkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Chronically Ill Patients ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Structural Brain

Objective: Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder accompanied by aberrant structural brain connectivity. The question whether schizophrenia is a progressive brain disorder is yet to be resolved. Thus, it is not clear when these structural alterations occur and how they develop over time. Methods: In our selective review, we summarized recent findings from longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating structural brain alterations and its impact on clinical outcome at different stages of the illness: (1) subjects at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis, (2) patients with a first episode psychosis, and (3) chronically ill patients. Moreover, we reviewed studies examining the longitudinal effects of medication on brain structure in patients with schizophrenia. Results: (1) Studies from pre-clinical stages to conversion showed a more pronounced cortical gray matter loss (i.e. superior temporal and inferior frontal regions) in those individuals who later made transition to psychosis. (2) Studies investigating patients with a first episode psychosis revealed a decline in multiple gray matter regions (i.e. frontal regions and thalamus) over time as well as progressive cortical thinning in the superior and inferior frontal cortex. (3) Studies focusing on patients with chronic schizophrenia showed that gray matter decreased to a greater extent (i.e. frontal and temporal areas, thalamus, and cingulate cortices)—especially in poor-outcome patients. Very few studies reported effects on white matter microstructure in the longitudinal course of the illness. Conclusion: There is adequate evidence to suggest that schizophrenia is associated with progressive gray matter abnormalities particularly during the initial stages of illness. However, causal relationships between structural changes and illness course—especially in chronically ill patients—should be interpreted with caution. Findings might be confounded by longer periods of treatment and higher doses of antipsychotics or epiphenomena related to the illness.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thalamus in First-Episode Psychosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Ettinger ◽  
Xavier A. Chitnis ◽  
Veena Kumari ◽  
Dominic G. Fannon ◽  
Alex L. Sumich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of prepulse inhibition in first episode psychosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ettinger ◽  
V. Kumari ◽  
X.A. Chitnis ◽  
A.L. Sumich ◽  
D.G. Fannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals Prefrontal cortical thickness in first-episode psychosis: a magnetic resonance imaging study

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Wiegand ◽  
Simon K Warfield ◽  
James J Levitt ◽  
Yoshio Hirayasu ◽  
Dean F Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Episode Psychosis
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