Differential effect of serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressant treatment on brain activation during cognitive control task

2010 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. S66
Author(s):  
G. Wagner⁎ ◽  
C. Schachtzabel ◽  
U. Pietsch ◽  
G. Peikert ◽  
K. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Control Task

P.2.b.016 Differential effect of serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants on brain activation during cognitive control task

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S400
Author(s):  
G. Wagner ◽  
U. Pietsch ◽  
G. Peikert ◽  
C. Schachtzabel ◽  
K. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Control Task

Behavioural and EEG atypicalities during rest, visual perception, and cognitive control in autistic adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Lassalle ◽  
Michael X Cohen ◽  
Laura Dekkers ◽  
Elizabeth Milne ◽  
Rasa Gulbinaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Autistic Adults

Background: People with an Autism Spectrum Condition diagnosis (ASD) are hypothesized to show atypical neural dynamics, reflecting differences in neural structure and function. However, previous results regarding neural dynamics in autistic individuals have not converged on a single pattern of differences. It is possible that the differences are cognitive-set-specific, and we therefore measured EEG in autistic individuals and matched controls during three different cognitive states: resting, visual perception, and cognitive control.Methods: Young adults with and without an ASD (N=17 in each group) matched on age (range 20 to 30 years), sex, and estimated Intelligence Quotient (IQ) were recruited. We measured their behavior and their EEG during rest, a task requiring low-level visual perception of gratings of varying spatial frequency, and the “Simon task” to elicit activity in the executive control network. We computed EEG power and Inter-Site Phase Clustering (ISPC; a measure of connectivity) in various frequency bands.Results: During rest, there were no ASD vs. controls differences in EEG power, suggesting typical oscillation power at baseline. During visual processing, without pre-baseline normalization, we found decreased broadband EEG power in ASD vs. controls, but this was not the case during the cognitive control task. Furthermore, the behavioral results of the cognitive control task suggest that autistic adults were better able to ignore irrelevant stimuli.Conclusions: Together, our results defy a simple explanation of overall differences between ASD and controls, and instead suggest a more nuanced pattern of altered neural dynamics that depend on which neural networks are engaged.

Exploration of baseline and early changes in neurocognitive characteristics as predictors of treatment response to bupropion, sertraline, and placebo in the EMBARC clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yuen-Siang Ang ◽  
Gerard E. Bruder ◽  
John G. Keilp ◽  
Ashleigh Rutherford ◽  
Daniel M. Alschuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Antidepressant Response ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Reward Responsiveness

Abstract Background Treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is imprecise and often involves trial-and-error to determine the most effective approach. To facilitate optimal treatment selection and inform timely adjustment, the current study investigated whether neurocognitive variables could predict an antidepressant response in a treatment-specific manner. Methods In the two-stage Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC) trial, outpatients with non-psychotic recurrent MDD were first randomized to an 8-week course of sertraline selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or placebo. Behavioral measures of reward responsiveness, cognitive control, verbal fluency, psychomotor, and cognitive processing speeds were collected at baseline and week 1. Treatment responders then continued on another 8-week course of the same medication, whereas non-responders to sertraline or placebo were crossed-over under double-blinded conditions to bupropion noradrenaline/dopamine reuptake inhibitor or sertraline, respectively. Hamilton Rating for Depression scores were also assessed at baseline, weeks 8, and 16. Results Greater improvements in psychomotor and cognitive processing speeds within the first week, as well as better pretreatment performance in these domains, were specifically associated with higher likelihood of response to placebo. Moreover, better reward responsiveness, poorer cognitive control and greater verbal fluency were associated with greater likelihood of response to bupropion in patients who previously failed to respond to sertraline. Conclusion These exploratory results warrant further scrutiny, but demonstrate that quick and non-invasive behavioral tests may have substantial clinical value in predicting antidepressant treatment response.

scholarly journals A short, robust brain activation control task optimised for pharmacological fMRI studies

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica-Lily Harvey ◽  
Lysia Demetriou ◽  
John McGonigle ◽  
Matthew B. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular method for examining pharmacological effects on the brain; however, the BOLD response is dependent on intact neurovascular coupling, and potentially modulated by a number of physiological factors. Pharmacological fMRI is therefore vulnerable to confounding effects of pharmacological probes on general physiology or neurovascular coupling. Controlling for such non-specific effects in pharmacological fMRI studies is therefore an important consideration, and there is an additional need for well-validated fMRI task paradigms that could be used to control for such effects, or for general testing purposes. Methods We have developed two variants of a standardized control task that are short (5 minutes duration) simple (for both the subject and experimenter), widely applicable, and yield a number of readouts in a spatially diverse set of brain networks. The tasks consist of four functionally discrete three-second trial types (plus additional null trials) and contain visual, auditory, motor and cognitive (eye-movements, and working memory tasks in the two task variants) stimuli. Performance of the tasks was assessed in a group of 15 subjects scanned on two separate occasions, with test-retest reliability explicitly assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients. Results Both tasks produced robust patterns of brain activation in the expected brain regions, and region of interest-derived reliability coefficients for the tasks were generally high, with four out of eight task conditions rated as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’, and only one out of eight rated as ‘poor’. Median values in the voxel-wise reliability measures were also >0.7 for all task conditions, and therefore classed as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’. The spatial concordance between the most highly activated voxels and those with the highest reliability coefficients was greater for the sensory (auditory, visual) conditions than the other (motor, cognitive) conditions. Discussion Either of the two task variants would be suitable for use as a control task in future pharmacological fMRI studies or for any other investigation where a short, reliable, basic task paradigm is required. Stimulus code is available online for re-use by the scientific community.

scholarly journals Aerobic fitness and response variability in preadolescent children performing a cognitive control task.

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ting Wu ◽  
Matthew B. Pontifex ◽  
Lauren B. Raine ◽  
Laura Chaddock ◽  
Michelle W. Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Response Variability ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Preadolescent Children

scholarly journals Interpersonal touch enhances cognitive control: A neurophysiological investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Saunders ◽  
Anja Riesel ◽  
Julia Klawohn ◽  
Michael Inzlicht
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Interpersonal Touch ◽  
Neural Monitoring

Touch is central to mammalian communication, socialisation, and wellbeing. Despite this prominence, interpersonal touch is relatively understudied. In this preregistered investigation, we assessed the influence of interpersonal touch on the subjective, neural, and behavioural correlates of cognitive control. Forty-five romantic couples were recruited (N=90; dating>6 months), and one partner performed an inhibitory control task while electroencephalography was recorded to assess neural performance monitoring. Interpersonal touch was provided by the second partner, and was manipulated between experimental blocks. A within-subject repeated-measures design was used to maximise statistical power, with our sample size providing 80% power for even small effect sizes (ds > .25). Results indicated that participants were not only happier when receiving touch, but also showed increased neural processing of mistakes. Further exploratory cognitive modelling using indirect effects tests and drift diffusion models of decision making revealed that touch was indirectly associated with both improved inhibitory control and increased rates of evidence accumulation (drift rate) through its influence on neural monitoring. Thus, beyond regulating emotion and stress, interpersonal touch appears to enhance the neurocognitive processes underling flexible goal-directed behaviour.

scholarly journals Effect of non-instructed instrumental contingency of monetary reward and positive affect in a cognitive control task

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 202002
Author(s):  
Arthur Prével ◽  
Vincent Hoofs ◽  
Ruth M. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Affective Outcomes ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Significant Performance

In recent years, we observed a strong interest in the influence of motivation and emotion on cognitive control. Prior studies suggest that the instrumental contingency between a response and a rewarding or affective stimulus is particularly important in that context—which is resonating with observations in the associative learning literature. However, despite this overlap, and the relevance of non-instructed learning in real life, the vast majority of studies investigating motivation–cognition interactions use direct instructions to inform participants about the contingencies between responses and stimuli. Thus, there is little experimental insight regarding how humans detect non-instructed contingencies between their actions and motivational or affective outcomes, and how these learned contingencies come to influence cognitive control processes. In an attempt to close this gap, the goal of the present study was to test the effect of non-instructed contingent and non-contingent outcomes (i.e. monetary reward and positive affective stimuli) on cognitive control using the AX-continuous performance task (AX-CPT) paradigm. We found that entirely non-instructed contingencies between responses and positive outcomes (both monetary and affective ones) led to significant performance improvement. The present results open new perspectives for studying the influence of motivation and emotion on cognitive control at the insertion with associative learning.

scholarly journals Altered brain activation in a reversal learning task unmasks adaptive changes in cognitive control in writer's cramp

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten E. Zeuner ◽  
Arne Knutzen ◽  
Oliver Granert ◽  
Simone Sablowsky ◽  
Julia Götz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Writer’S Cramp ◽  
Writer's Cramp
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