Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating embryonic neurogenesis in the rodent olfactory epithelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Wai Keung Kam ◽  
Reesha Raja ◽  
Jean‐François Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryonic Neurogenesis

scholarly journals Transcriptome sequencing of olfactory-related genes in olfactory transduction of large yellow croaker (Larimichthy crocea) in response to bile salts

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabao Hu ◽  
Yajun Wang ◽  
Qijun Le ◽  
Na Yu ◽  
Xiaohuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
Olfactory Transduction ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli

Fish produce and release bile salts as chemical signalling substances that act as sensitive olfactory stimuli. To investigate how bile salts affect olfactory signal transduction in large yellow croaker (Larimichthy crocea), deep sequencing of olfactory epithelium was conducted to analyse olfactory-related genes in olfactory transduction. Sodium cholates (SAS) have typical bile salt chemical structures, hence we used four different concentrations of SAS to stimulate L. crocea, and the fish displayed a significant behavioural preference for 0.30% SAS. We then sequenced olfactory epithelium tissues, and identified 9938 unigenes that were significantly differentially expressed between SAS-stimulated and control groups, including 9055 up-regulated and 883 down-regulated unigenes. Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses found eight categories linked to the olfactory transduction pathway that was highly enriched with some differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the olfactory receptor (OR), Adenylate cyclase type 3 (ADCY3) and Calmodulin (CALM). Genes in these categories were analysed by RT-qPCR, which revealed aspects of the pathway transformation between odor detection, and recovery and adaptation. The results provide new insight into the effects of bile salt stimulation in olfactory molecular mechanisms in fishes, and expands our knowledge of olfactory transduction, and signal generation and decline.

SOX11 target genes: implications for neurogenesis and neuropsychiatric illness

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Sha ◽  
Rob Kitchen ◽  
David Porteous ◽  
Douglas Blackwood ◽  
Walter Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Neuronal Phenotype ◽  
Embryonic Neurogenesis ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Differentiation Stage ◽  
Downstream Gene Expression ◽  
Sox11 Protein

Objective:Deficits in adult and embryonic neurogenesis have been linked with neurological and psychiatric disorders, so it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. SOX11 is a transcription factor known to play a critical role in the regulation of the neuronal and glial differentiation stage of neurogenesis, so we hypothesised that the identification of its target genes would reveal underlying biological processes relevant to disease.Methods:SOX11 protein was over-expressed in HEK293 cells and transcriptional changes assessed by microarray analysis. Selected candidate genes were further tested for SOX11 activation in quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR studies of HEK293 cells and Western analysis of SH-SY5Y cells.Results:Regulated genes included a previously established SOX11 target, known markers of neurogenesis, as well as several genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Immunofluorescence localised several of the genes within the proliferative subgranular zone of the hippocampus. We observed multiple histone and zinc finger genes regulated by SOX11, many of which were located in two clusters on chromosomes 6 and 19. The chromosome 6 cluster lies within a region of the genome showing the strongest genetic association with schizophrenia.Conclusion:SOX11 appears to regulate a complex programme of chromatin remodelling and downstream gene expression changes to achieve a mature neuronal phenotype. SOX11 target genes are shown to be involved in neurodevelopmental processes important in health and, potentially, disease.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA axes in the olfactory epithelium in schizophrenia: a bioinformatics analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Sabaie ◽  
Marziyeh Mazaheri Moghaddam ◽  
Madiheh Mazaheri Moghaddam ◽  
Nazanin Amirinejad ◽  
Mohammad Reza Asadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Microarray Dataset ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Rna Interaction ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

AbstractThe etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), as a serious mental illness, is unknown. The significance of genetics in SCZ pathophysiology is yet unknown, and newly identified mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene transcription may be helpful in determining how these changes affect SCZ development and progression. In the current work, we used a bioinformatics approach to describe the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) samples in order to better understand the molecular regulatory processes implicated in SCZ disorders in living individuals. The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to obtain the OE microarray dataset (GSE73129) from SCZ sufferers and control subjects, which contained information about both lncRNAs and mRNAs. The limma package of R software was used to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). RNA interaction pairs were discovered using the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, DIANA-LncBase, and miRTarBase databases. In this study, the Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to find positive correlations between DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the ceRNA network. Eventually, lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes were developed based on co-expression relations and DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA interactions. This work found six potential DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA loops in SCZ pathogenesis, including, SNTG2-AS1/hsa-miR-7-5p/SLC7A5, FLG-AS1/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, LINC00960/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, AQP4-AS1/hsa-miR-335-5p/FMN2, SOX2-OT/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3, and CASC2/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3. According to the findings, ceRNAs in OE might be promising research targets for studying SCZ molecular mechanisms. This could be a great opportunity to examine different aspects of neurodevelopment that may have been hampered early in SCZ patients.

scholarly journals EVA1A Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Physiological and Pathological Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6181
Author(s):  
Shizhen Zhao ◽  
Honggang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Embryonic Neurogenesis ◽  
B Virus

Eva-1 homolog A (EVA1A) is regarded as TMEM166 (transmembrane protein 166) or FAM176A (family with sequence similarity 176) and a lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein involved in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. EVA1A regulates embryonic neurogenesis, cardiac remodeling, islet alpha-cell functions, acute liver failure, and hepatitis B virus replication. However, the related mechanisms are not fully clear. Autophagy is a process in which cells transfer pathogens, abnormal proteins and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. It plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, infection, heart disease, development, cell differentiation and nutritional starvation. Recently, there are many studies on the important role of EVA1A in many physiological and pathological processes by regulating autophagy. However, the related molecular mechanisms need further study. Therefore, we summarize the above-mentioned researches about the role of EVA1A in physiological and pathological processes through regulating autophagy in order to provide theoretical basis for future researches.

scholarly journals Anosmia in COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Assessment of an Olfactory Route to Brain Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842095690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Butowt ◽  
Christopher S. von Bartheld
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Brain Infection ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Taste Dysfunction

In recent months it has emerged that the novel coronavirus—responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic—causes reduction of smell and taste in a large fraction of patients. The chemosensory deficits are often the earliest, and sometimes the only signs in otherwise asymptomatic carriers of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The reasons for the surprisingly early and specific chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 are now beginning to be elucidated. In this hypothesis review, we discuss implications of the recent finding that the prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 patients differs between populations, possibly because of differences in the spike protein of different virus strains or because of differences in the host proteins that enable virus entry, thus modifying infectivity. We review recent progress in defining underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the virus-induced anosmia, with a focus on the emerging crucial role of sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium. We critically examine the current evidence whether and how the SARS-CoV-2 virus can follow a route from the olfactory epithelium in the nose to the brain to achieve brain infection, and we discuss the prospects for using the smell and taste dysfunctions seen in COVID-19 as an early and rapid diagnostic screening tool.

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