The impact of shifts to elevated irradiance on the growth and photochemical activity of the harmful algae Chattonella subsalsa and Prorocentrum minimum from Delaware

Harmful Algae ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Warner ◽  
Matilda L. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Prorocentrum Minimum ◽  
Chattonella Subsalsa ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Exogenous application of growth stimulators improves the condition of maize exposed to soil drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽  
Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽  
Tomasz Hura
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil drought is a major problem in plant cultivation. This is particularly true for thermophilic plants, such as maize, which grow in areas often affected by precipitation shortage. The problem may be alleviated using plant growth and development stimulators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), zearalenone (ZEN), triacontanol (TRIA) and silicon (Si) on water management and photosynthetic activity of maize under soil drought. The experiments covered three developmental stages: three leaves, stem elongation and heading. The impact of these substances applied during drought stress depended on the plant development stage. 5-ALA affected chlorophyll levels, gas exchange and photochemical activity of PSII. Similar effects were observed for ZEN, which additionally induced stem elongation and limited dehydration. Beneficial effects of TRIA were visible at the stage of three leaves and involved leaf hydration and plant growth. A silicon preparation applied at the same developmental stage triggered similar effects and additionally induced changes in chlorophyll levels. All the stimulators significantly affected transpiration intensity at the heading stage.

Impact of the biological preparation Extrakon on photosynthetic apparatus, enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes and performance of spring wheat plants in the host-pathogen system

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
G. Guliayeva ◽  
I. Tokovenko ◽  
L. Pasichnyk ◽  
M. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Aim. A complex study of the impact of the consortium of humus-forming microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the rhizosphere, on the intact plants and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and Acholeplasma laid- lawii var. granulum st.118. Methods. Microbiological, physiological and biochemical, biophysical, statistical. The impact of the multifunctional biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the soil, was studied using physiological and biochemical indices, in particular, catalase and peroxidase activity of tissues and the content of chlorophylls a and b, the photochemical activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and the grain performance of the intact spring wheat plants, Pechernianka cultivar, and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorgan- isms P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118. Results. The application of the consortium of humus-forming microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon resulted in registered stabilizing protective impact on the pigment composition of the leaves of spring wheat plants and their photochemical activity, especially when infected with phytopathogenic bacteria. If the wheat plants were in- fected on the background of the introduction of preparation Extrakon into the soil, the losses in grain performance were reduced. Conclusions. The biological preparation Extrakon neutralizes the destructive effect, conditioned by the phytopathogens of species P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118, on the photosynthetic apparatus of the host plant. This impact leads to the increase in the content of pigments in the leaves and induces the development of the resistance to damage in the conditions of the oxidative stress with the increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes activity, especially catalase, in the tissues. This is accompanied with the increase in the photosynthetic activity of leaves and the grain performance of plants.

scholarly journals Chemistry induced by the impacts: Observations

1996 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 213-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Lellouch
Keyword(s):  
Time Evolution ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurements ◽  
The Impact

This paper reviews spectroscopic measurements relevant to the chemical modifications of Jupiter's atmosphere induced by the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts. Such observations have been successful at all wavelength ranges from the UV to the centimeter. At the date this paper is written, newly detected or enhanced molecular species resulting from the impacts include H2O, CO, S2, CS2, CS, OCS, NH3, HCN and C2H4. There is also a tentative detection of enhanced PH3 and a controversial detection of H2S. All new and enhanced species were detected in Jupiter's stratosphere. With the exception of NH3 (and perhaps H2S and PH3), apparently present down to the 10-50 mbar level, the minor species are seen at pressures lower than 1 mbar or less, consistent with a formation during the plume splashback at 1-100 microbar. NH3 may result from upwelling associated with vertical mixing generated by the impacts. The main oxygen species is apparently CO, with a total mass of a few 1014 g for the largest impacts, consistent with that available in 400-700 m radius fragments. The observed O/S ratio is reasonably consistent with cometary abundances, but the O/N ratio (inferred from CO/HCN) is much larger, suggesting that another N species was formed but remained undetected, presumably N2. The time evolution of NH3, S2, CS2 shows evidence for photochemical activity taking place during and after the impact week.

scholarly journals Pemahaman Masyarakat Pesisir Lampung akan Bahaya Harmful Algae Bloom pada Sumber Pangan Laut

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Inayah Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Algae Bloom ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Harmful Algae Bloom (HABs) menyebabkan berbagai dampak pada kehidupan laut terutama kejadian kematian fauna serta secara tidak langsung berpengaruh pada kesehatan manusia yang mengkonsumsi sumber pangan laut. Penelitian ini penting untuk dilakukan karena masyarakat pesisir menggantungkan kehidupannya pada hasil laut serta mengkonsumsi sumber pangan laut.  Secara umum, masyarakat pesisir Lampung telah mengetahui adanya HABs namun belum semua memahami mengapa dan bagaimana peristiwa tersebut terjadi secara mendalam serta dampak bagi kesehatan manusia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman masyarakat akan bahaya HABs yang berdampak pada sumber pangannya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data survei yang didukung dengan hasil wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari separuh responden pernah mengetahui informasi dan bahaya mengenai HABs (57 persen). Penyebaran informasi mengenai kejadian dan penanganan HABs di Lampung belum begitu bagus. Saat terjadi HABs, hanya 54 persen masyarakat yang mengetahui terjadinya kematian ikan karena peristiwa tersebut. padahal kematian ikan tersebut terjadi kurang lebih selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Media yang diharapkan menyebarluaskan informasi kejadian HABs belum begitu berperan, masyarakat yang mengetahui berita kematian ikan sebagian besar karena melihat langsung. Sedikit sekali masyarakat yang mengetahui berita kematian ikan akibat HABs melalui media cetak maupun elektronik. Harmful Algae Bloom (HABs) causes various impacts on sea life, especially the incidence of fauna death and indirectly affects the health of humans who consume seafood sources. This research is essential to do because coastal communities depend their lives on marine products and consume seafood sources. In general, Lampung coastal communities are aware of the existence of HABs, but not all understand why and how these events occur in-depth and the impact on human health. The research objective is to determine the level of public understanding of the dangers of HABs that have an impact on food sources. The data used in this study are survey data supported by focus group discussions. The results of the study showed that more than half of respondents had known information and hazards regarding HABs (57 per cent). Dissemination of information about the incidence and handling of HABs in Lampung is not very good. When there were HABs, only 54 per cent of the people were aware of fish deaths due to these events.  The media which is expected to disseminate information on the HABs incident has not yet played a significant role, most of the people who know about the news of fish deaths have seen it firsthand. Very few people know about the news of fish deaths due to HABs through print and electronic media.

scholarly journals Harmful algae and toxis in paranaguá bay , Brazil: bases for monitoring

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Laureno Mafra Junior ◽  
Luciano Felício Fernandes ◽  
Luís Antonio O. Proença
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Prorocentrum Minimum ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Paranaguá Bay ◽  
Physical And Chemical Variables ◽  
Cell Densities

The estuarine complex of Paranaguá - ECP (South Brazil, 25º30'S, 48º30'W) is a large subtropical system, where pristine mangrove forests are still present, and fishery and aquaculture are important economic activities. This work investigated the occurrence of harmful algae in Paranaguá Bay, as well as the presence of toxins in the filter feeding mussel Mytella guyanensis, a local fishery resource. Samples along the Paranaguá sub-system were collected almost monthly from August 2002 to October 2003. Besides physical and chemical variables, cell densities of harmful species and presence of toxins in the mussel by mouse bioassay (DSP, PSP) and HPLC (ASP) were performed. HAB species included Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dinophysis acuminata,Prorocentrum minimum,Gymnodinium catenatum,Phaeocystis spp., Chattonella spp. and Heterosigma akashiwo.Trichodesmium erythraeum and Coscinodiscus wailesii were also included in this study due to their potential for harmful bloom formation. Toxin results showed the occurrence of DSP (December 2002) in shellfish related to the presence of D. acuminata (max. 4,566 cells.l-1). Additionally, cultivated strains produced paralytic and amnesic toxins in laboratory. Spring (October to December, Southern Hemisphere) and late summer (February to April) were the periods of higher abundance of harmful algae, mainly in euhaline and inner polyhaline sectors of the ECP.

scholarly journals In situ determination of cellular DMSP and pigment quotas in a Prorocentrum minimum bloom near the Falkland Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Cyronak ◽  
Erin O’Reilly ◽  
Peter A. Lee ◽  
Giacomo R. DiTullio
Keyword(s):  
Prorocentrum Minimum ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Marine phytoplankton play critical roles in the biogeochemistry of open and coastal oceans. However, the impact that individual species have on an ecosystem-wide scale can strongly depend on the production of cellular compounds, especially those that are climatically active such as dimethylsulfide (DMS). Herein, we use sorting flow cytometry to separate a distinct phytoplankton population from four samples taken along the Patagonian shelf near the Falkland Islands. Morphological, genetic, and biochemical analyses demonstrated that three of the sorted samples were dominated by a bloom of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. Cellular quotas of the DMS-precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) ranged from 1.23–4.11 pg cell−1 in the same population at different sampling stations. Causes of this variability may be due to different growth stages of the P. minimum bloom or changes in other environmental variables. Overall, in situ intracellular DMSP concentrations were lower than what would be expected based on previous, culture-based measurements. We demonstrate the difficulties inherent in sorting individual phytoplankton species from natural samples in order to determine in situ species-specific cellular quotas of important biogeochemical compounds.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

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