Eyetracking-based assessment of affect-related decay of human performance in visual tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 504-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromir Przybyło ◽  
Eliasz Kańtoch ◽  
Piotr Augustyniak
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Visual Tasks

scholarly journals STABILITY AND INSTABILITY OF AN OUTDOOR ILLUMINATION INSTALLATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Klaus-Dieter Fröhner ◽  
Ze Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

Stability and instability are very important for the layout of real world processes concerning safety and health esp. when planned by scientists. The long‐term investigation of stability was carried out for the last ten years on the basis of the installation and the evaluation of an ergonomically designed outdoor illumination. In the depicted dynamic situation the lighting design influences directly visual discomfort and human performance and in the end stability and instability. The improvement of the adaptation of luminance and its influence on the visual tasks after the rearrangement are presented and discussed. The effective factors on the visual capability and performance of workers, work efficiency and potential accidents in the night shift, and furthermore the accelerators and barriers for the stability of the project are analysed and discussed.

scholarly journals Contour statistics in natural images: Grouping across occlusions

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILSON S. GEISLER ◽  
JEFFREY S. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Edge Element ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Contour Grouping ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractCorrectly interpreting a natural image requires dealing properly with the effects of occlusion, and hence, contour grouping across occlusions is a major component of many natural visual tasks. To better understand the mechanisms of contour grouping across occlusions, we (a) measured the pair-wise statistics of edge elements from contours in natural images, as a function of edge element geometry and contrast polarity, (b) derived the ideal Bayesian observer for a contour occlusion task where the stimuli were extracted directly from natural images, and then (c) measured human performance in the same contour occlusion task. In addition to discovering new statistical properties of natural contours, we found that naïve human observers closely parallel ideal performance in our contour occlusion task. In fact, there was no region of the four-dimensional stimulus space (three geometry dimensions and one contrast dimension) where humans did not closely parallel the performance of the ideal observer (i.e., efficiency was approximately constant over the entire space). These results reject many other contour grouping hypotheses and strongly suggest that the neural mechanisms of contour grouping are tightly related to the statistical properties of contours in natural images.

UNDERSTANDING IN THE SHAPE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 727-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZBIGNIEW LES ◽  
MAGDALENA LES
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Visual Concept ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Visual Understanding ◽  
And Performance

Understanding is based on a large number of highly varied abilities called intelligence that can be measured. In this paper understanding abilities of the shape understanding system (SUS) are tested based on the adoption of the intelligence tests. The SUS tests are formulated as the tasks given to the system and performance of SUS is compared with the human performance of these tasks. The main novelty of the presented method is that the process of understanding is related to the visual concept represented as a symbolic name of the possible classes of shape. The visual concept is one of the ingredients of the concept of the visual object (the phantom concept) that makes it possible to perform different tasks that are characteristic for the visual understanding. The presented results are part of the research aimed at developing the shape understanding method able to perform the complex visual tasks connected with visual thinking. The shape understanding method is implemented as the shape understanding system (SUS).

scholarly journals Linking V1 Activity to Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-310
Author(s):  
Eyal Seidemann ◽  
Wilson S. Geisler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Visual Neuroscience ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Behavior

A long-term goal of visual neuroscience is to develop and test quantitative models that account for the moment-by-moment relationship between neural responses in early visual cortex and human performance in natural visual tasks. This review focuses on efforts to address this goal by measuring and perturbing the activity of primary visual cortex (V1) neurons while nonhuman primates perform demanding, well-controlled visual tasks. We start by describing a conceptual approach—the decoder linking model (DLM) framework—in which candidate decoding models take neural responses as input and generate predicted behavior as output. The ultimate goal in this framework is to find the actual decoder—the model that best predicts behavior from neural responses. We discuss key relevant properties of primate V1 and review current literature from the DLM perspective. We conclude by discussing major technological and theoretical advances that are likely to accelerate our understanding of the link between V1 activity and behavior.

Human Performance in Interpreting Robot-Generated 2d and 3d Maps

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1272-1276
Author(s):  
A. N. Foots ◽  
J. M. Gregory ◽  
A. W. Evans ◽  
D. G. Baran ◽  
B. S. Perelman
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Critical Technology ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Story Building

Robust mapping capabilities are a critical technology for intelligent robotic systems. They can (1) provide valuable information to human and robot teammates without requiring prior knowledge or experience and (2) enable other, higher-level behaviors, such as autonomous navigation and exploration. To maximize interpretability, a map must be coherent, accurate, and displayed in an intuitive fashion. However, maps inherently require a large amount of computational resources. Therefore, it is beneficial to determine the minimum amount of information that must be provided to a user to meet the specific mission requirements. The purpose of this study is to evaluate human performance on visual tasks using 2D and 3D maps generated from laser point cloud data. In a within-subjects study, 20 participants were tasked with locating and identifying objects, doorways, and windows in a two-story building. The characterizations made herein could ultimately influence how map data from robotic assets are shared and displayed.

The limits of human performance

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Dieter Böning
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Research

Human performance, defined by mechanical resistance and distance per time, includes human, task and environmental factors, all interrelated. It requires metabolic energy provided by anaerobic and aerobic metabolic energy sources. These sources have specific limitations in the capacity and rate to provide re-phosphorylation energy, which determines individual ratios of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic power and their sustainability. In healthy athletes, limits to provide and utilize metabolic energy are multifactorial, carefully matched and include a safety margin imposed in order to protect the integrity of the human organism under maximal effort. Perception of afferent input associated with effort leads to conscious or unconscious decisions to modulate or terminate performance; however, the underlying mechanisms of cerebral control are not fully understood. The idea to move borders of performance with the help of biochemicals is two millennia old. Biochemical findings resulted in highly effective substances widely used to increase performance in daily life, during preparation for sport events and during competition, but many of them must be considered as doping and therefore illegal. Supplements and food have ergogenic potential; however, numerous concepts are controversially discussed with respect to legality and particularly evidence in terms of usefulness and risks. The effect of evidence-based nutritional strategies on adaptations in terms of gene and protein expression that occur in skeletal muscle during and after exercise training sessions is widely unknown. Biochemical research is essential for better understanding of the basic mechanisms causing fatigue and the regulation of the dynamic adaptation to physical and mental training.

1880: Assessment of Basic Human Performance Resources Predicts Performance of Ureterorenoscopy in Human Cadavers

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Edward D. Matsumoto ◽  
George V. Kondraske ◽  
Lucas Jacomides ◽  
Kenneth Ogan ◽  
Margaret S. Pearle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Cadavers

Short Stress State Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Helton ◽  
Katharina Näswall
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Multiple Samples

Conscious appraisals of stress, or stress states, are an important aspect of human performance. This article presents evidence supporting the validity and measurement characteristics of a short multidimensional self-report measure of stress state, the Short Stress State Questionnaire (SSSQ; Helton, 2004 ). The SSSQ measures task engagement, distress, and worry. A confirmatory factor analysis of the SSSQ using data pooled from multiple samples suggests the SSSQ does have a three factor structure and post-task changes are not due to changes in factor structure, but to mean level changes (state changes). In addition, the SSSQ demonstrates sensitivity to task stressors in line with hypotheses. Different task conditions elicited unique patterns of stress state on the three factors of the SSSQ in line with prior predictions. The 24-item SSSQ is a valid measure of stress state which may be useful to researchers interested in conscious appraisals of task-related stress.

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