Putative origins of the fungus Leptographium procerum

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Taerum ◽  
Thierry B. Hoareau ◽  
Tuan A. Duong ◽  
Z. Wilhelm de Beer ◽  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leptographium Procerum

scholarly journals Draft genomes of Amanita jacksonii, Ceratocystis albifundus, Fusarium circinatum, Huntiella omanensis, Leptographium procerum, Rutstroemia sydowiana, and Sclerotinia echinophila

IMA Fungus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magriet A. van der Nest ◽  
Lisa A. Beirn ◽  
Jo Anne Crouch ◽  
Jill E. Demers ◽  
Z. Wilhelm de Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Leptographium Procerum

Evaluation of Natural Products as Antifeedants for the Pales Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and as Fungitoxins for Leptographium procerum

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Salom ◽  
Jodi A. Gray ◽  
A. Randall Alford ◽  
Melinda Mulesky ◽  
Chris J. Fettig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Hylobius Pales

Four natural plant compounds (limonin, S (+) and R (−) carvone, and cucurbitacin) and one insect pheromone (verbenone) were evaluated for antifeedant activity against the pales weevil, Hylobius pales (Herbst), on Pinus strobus seedlings and for toxic activity against the pathogenic fungus, Leptographium procerum (Kendrick) Wingfield, which is vectored by H. pales to P. strobus. All compounds demonstrated significant antifeedant activity in a choice test on treated pine seedlings, but none completely eliminated feeding. Only cucurbitacin elicited a linear dose-response relationship, with significant activity occurring at concentrations as low as 0.10 μg/ml. The other compounds significantly reduced feeding at concentrations as low as 1 μg/ml (the lowest concentration at which they were tested). Total feeding activity was unaffected for all but one treatment (S (+) carvone at 1 μg/ml) when compared with feeding on the untreated control seedlings. It is, therefore, unlikely that the compounds in this study were toxic to the weevils during the 2 d evaluation period. In the fungitoxin test, all compounds except cucurbitacin suppressed germination of L. procerum spores. R (−) carvone was the most effective, allowing only 5% germination at 1 μg/ml, compared to 96% germination in the water solvent.

Ophiostomatoid fungi isolated from Pinus radiata logs imported from New Zealand to Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Jae-Jin Kim ◽  
Young Woon Lim ◽  
Colette Breuil
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Native Fungi ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

Ophiostomatoid fungi discolor lumber, logs, and tree sapwood. Stained wood has a lower market value and can be refused by importing customers because such products can potentially carry pathogenic fungi. Little information is available on the ophiostomatoid fungi that colonize Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) logs imported from New Zealand into Korea. In this work, we attempted to identify the native and non-native fungi colonizing wood imported into Korea. At least 12 species of ophiostomatoid fungi, including an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A, were identified among the fungi-staining radiata pine. They were Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf., Leptographium bistatum Kim & Kim, Ophiostoma floccosum Mathiesen, Ophiostoma huntii (Rob.) Hoog & Scheff., Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf., Ophiostoma nigrocarpum (David.) Hoog, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. & P. Sydow, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgév.) Nannf., Ophiostoma radiaticola Kim et al., and Ophiostoma setosum Uzunovic et al. Of these species, O. floccosum was the dominant species in both logs and boards. We confirmed that many of the sapstain species that we isolated have been previously reported in Korea. However, four species, O. radiatcola, O. setosum, O. huntii, and O. nigrocarpum have not been reported previously in Korea. We also found the new species, L. bistatum, along with an unknown Ophiostoma sp. A.Key words: radiata pine, ophiostomatoid fungi, New Zealand, non-native organisms, β-tubulin gene.

ASSOCIATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FOR THE SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) WITH THE EUROPEAN PINE WEEVIL HYLOBIUS ABIETIS (L.) (COL. CURCULIONIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lévieux ◽  
D. Piou ◽  
P. Cassier ◽  
M. André ◽  
D. Guillaumin
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn 1989 and 1990, the contamination rate of the European pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) by several pathogenic fungi for the Scots pine was measured [Leptographium procerum (Kendrick) Wingf. — 45% of the specimens; Pachnodium canum (Upadh. and Kendr.) — 14%; or Ophiostoma piliferum (Fries) H. and P. Syd — 3% (Piou 1993)]. To understand the processes of transportation, a detailed study was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. Several types of spores vectored are found mainly in the thoracic cuticular rounded wells located near the sensorial setae. These wells are connected with an epidermal glandular apparatus whose ultrastructural description is given. We question the origin and composition of these secretions which are believed to protect the spores and contribute to the infection process.

scholarly journals Assessing the virulence of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the pine-infesting weevils to scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum

The pine-infesting weevils are known to be effective vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi. To understand more about fungal virulence of these fungi, inoculation studies were conducted on Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.). Two-year-old seedlings were wound-inoculated with one of eleven ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pine-infesting weevils. After 11 weeks, a darkened lesion, extending from the point of inoculation, was observed in all species, except for <em>Ophiostoma</em> cf. <em>abietinum</em> Marm. &amp; Butin, <em>Ophiostoma quercus</em> (Georgev.) Nannf., and <em>Sporothrix inflata </em>de Hoog. Seedling mortality was observed in seedlings inoculated with <em>Leptographium truncatum</em> (M.J. Wingf. &amp; Marasas) M.J. Wingf., <em>Leptographium lundbergii</em> Lagerb. &amp; Melin<em>,</em> <em>Leptographium procerum</em> (W.B. Kendr.) M.J. Wingf., <em>Grosmannia radiaticola</em> (J.J. Kim, Seifert &amp; G.H. Kim) Zipfel, Z.W. de Beer &amp; M.J. Wingf., <em>Ophiostoma floccosum</em> Math.-Käärik,<em> Ophiostoma minus</em> (Hedgc.) Syd. &amp; P. Syd., and <em>Ophiostoma piliferum </em>(Fr.) Syd. &amp; P. Syd. <em>Ophiostoma minus</em> and <em>L. truncatum</em> caused the largest lesions and sapwood blue-stain in Scots pine. <em>Grosmannia radiaticola, Ophiostoma piceae </em>(Münch) Syd. &amp; P. Syd., <em>O. floccosum</em>,<em> O. piliferum,</em> <em>L. lundbergii</em>,and<em> L. procerum </em>produced significantly smaller lesions and sapwood blue-stain than <em>O. minus</em> and <em>L. truncatum</em>, while<em> O</em>. cf. <em>abietinum</em>, <em>O. quercus</em> and <em>S. inflata</em> did not cause any lesions.

Advances in understanding bioactivity of chitosan and chitosan oligomers against selected wood-inhabiting fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk M. Torr ◽  
Colleen Chittenden ◽  
Robert A. Franich ◽  
Bernhard Kreber
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Potentiometric Titration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Chitosan Oligomer ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Abstract Nitrous acid deaminative depolymerisation was used to prepare three chitosan oligomer (CO) mixtures from high-molecular weight chitosan. These mixtures of chitosan oligosaccharides were analysed by electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy, potentiometric titration and gel permeation chromatography. A method based on potentiometric titration of the amino groups of the oligomers gave an average degree of polymerisation (DP) for the three preparations of 5 (CODP5), 9 (CODP9) and 14 (CODP14). Chitosan acetate and the chitosan oligomer mixtures were assayed against Leptographium procerum, Sphaeropsis sapinea and Trichoderma harzianum on nutrient media. Leptographium procerum and S. sapinea growth was prevented by chitosan acetate and chitosan oligomers at concentrations of 0.3–0.4% (w/v), whereas T. harzianum was able to overcome the fungistatic action of these compounds. The oligomer preparation CODP14 exhibited superior specific activity to both CODP5 and chitosan acetate, suggesting an optimum molecular weight for bioactivity. All oligomer preparations were more effective at pH 4 than at pH 6. This result, in combination with the inactivity of N-acetylated CODP14, indicated that amino group protonation was an important factor for fungistatic activity. The CODP14 preparation was reduced with sodium borohydride and fractionated by alkali precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. Bioassays of these fractions pointed towards DP and degree of deacetylation (DD) as key factors in chito-oligosaccharide bioactivity. Conversely, the terminal aldehyde groups generated by depolymerisation did not contribute to the activity observed.

Albino Strains of Ophiostoma Species for Biological Control of Sapstaining Fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Held ◽  
J. M. Thwaites ◽  
R. L. Farrell ◽  
R. A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
Leptographium Procerum ◽  
Ophiostoma Floccosum ◽  
Ophiostoma Piliferum ◽  
Prevalent Species

SummaryAlbino strains ofOphiostoma floccosum,O. piceaeandO. pluriannulatumwere selected and screened for biological control of sapstaining fungi on New Zealand radiata pine (Pinus radiata). Albino strains were obtained through matings and single ascospore isolations from cultures of prevalent species in New Zealand. These strains do not synthesize the melanin-like hyphal pigments of common sapstaining fungi. Additional mating studies were also carried out to obtain isolates ofO. piceaeandO. floccosumthat lacked pigmented fruiting structures. Several albino isolates ofO. piceaewith colorless synnemata and isolates ofO. floccosumwith little to no synnemata were obtained. Biological control potential of the albino isolates was evaluated in the laboratory by challenging them on wood chips with fungi that cause extensive sapstain in pine,Leptographium procerum,Ophiostoma piliferumandSphaeropsis sapinea. Many albino isolates ofO. floccosum,O. piceaeandO. pluriannulatumwere effective in stopping the challenge fungi from staining wood chips and were fast growing and colorless when grown unchallenged on wood chips. Selected albino isolates ofO. pluriannulatumwere used in two field trials in New Zealand to control sapstain. Several strains were found to significantly reduce dark sapstain as compared to the untreated control logs.

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